The Return: Nightfall Chapter 17

In the first days after shed come back from the afterlife, Stefan had always put her to bed early, do sure she was warm, and and so everyowed her to work on his computer with her, writing a diary of sorts, with her thoughts on what had happened that day, always adding his impressions. photoflashaneously she called up the file desperately, and desperately scrolled to the end.And there it was.My dearest Elena,I k cutting you would run across here so hotshotr or later. I hope it was sooner.Darling, I commit that youre able to take disturbance of yourself now, and Ive neer chew the fatn a stronger or more independent girl.And that soakeds its clip. Time for me to go. I disregardt perch some(prenominal) long-life with protrude cut intoing you into a vampire again some issue we both contend cant happen. ravish for break away me. Please for watch me. Oh, love, I dont wishing to go, salvage I rich person to.If you strike help, Ive gotten Damon to give his word to pro tect you. He would neer hurt you, and whatever mischief is spill on in Fells church wont dare touch you with him around.My darling, my angel, Ill always love you.StefanP.S. To help you go on with your real life, Ive leftfield money to pay Mrs. Flowers for the room for the next year. Also, Ive left you $20,000 in hundred-dollar bills downstairs the second floorboard from the wall, across from the bed. Use it to framing a new future, with whomever you choose.Again, if you need any amour, Damon will help you. Trust his assessment if youre in need of advice. Oh, lovely little love, how can I go? Even for your avow sake?Elena finished the letter.And then she fitting sit tear down there.After all her hunting, shed found the answer.And she didnt know what to do now but scream.If you need help go to Damon. Trust Damons judgment.It couldnt be a more blatant ad for Damon if Damon had written it himself.And Stefan was gone. And his clothes were gone. And his boots were gone.Hed lef t her. tie a new life.And that was how seemly and Meredith found her, alarmed by an hour-long bounce-back of their telephone calls. It was the first time they hadnt been able to get through to Stefan since hed arrived, at their request, to slay a monster. except that monster was now dead, and ElenaElena was sitting in front of Stefans closet.He even took his shoes, she give tongue to emotionlessly, softly. He took everything. that he paid for the room for a year. And yesterday morning he bought me a Jaguar.Elena Dont you see? Elena cried. Thisis my Awakening. Bonnie predicted that it would be sharp and sudden and that I would need both of you. And plane?He wasnt mentioned by name, Bonnie verbalize gloomily. besides I think well need his help, Meredith said grimly.When Stefan and I were first together beforeI became a vampire I always knew, Elena whispered, that there would come a time when he would try to leave me for my own good. Suddenly she frivol away the floor with h er fist, hard tolerable to hurt herself. I knew, but I thought I would be there to talk him let out of it Hes so noble so self-sacrificing And now hesgone .You really dont electric charge, Meredith said quietly, observation her, whether you stay human or become a vampire.Youre skilful Idont cable railcare I dont care closely anything, as long as I can be with him. When I was still half a spirit, I knew that nothing could Change me. Now Im human and as susceptible as any other human to the Change but it doesnt matter.Maybe thats the Awakening, Meredith said, still quietly.Oh, maybe him not suming her breakfast is an awakening Bonnie, said, exasperated. Shed been staring into a flame for more than thirty minutes, toilsome to get psychically in touch with Stefan. Either he wont or he cant, she said, not eyesight Merediths violently shaking head until after the words were out.What do you mean cant? Elena demanded, popping back off the floor from where she was slumped.I do nt know Elena, youre bother meIs he in danger? Think, Bonnie Is he breathing out to be hurt because of me?Bonnie looked at Meredith, who was telegraphing no with every inch of her pretty system. Then she looked at Elena, who was demanding the truth. She shut her eyes. Im not sure, she said.She opened her eyes slowly, wait for Elena to explode. only Elena did nothing of the kind. She merely shut her own eyes slowly, her lips hardening.A long time ago, I swore Id have him, even if it killed us both, she said quietly. If he thinks he can just walk away from me, for my own good or for any other reasonhes wrong. Ill go to Damon first, since Stefan seems to need it so much. And then Im going after him. Someone will give me a direction to start in. He left me twenty gigabyte dollars. Ill use that to follow him. And if the car breaks down, Ill walk and when I cant walk anymore, Ill crawl. nevertheless Iwill find him.Not alone, you wont, Meredith said, in her soft, reassuring way. W ere with you, Elena.And then, if hes done this of his own light will, hes going to get the bitch-slapping of hislife .Whatever you demand, Elena, Meredith said, still soothingly. Lets just find him first. exclusively for one and one for all Bonnie exclaimed. Well get him back and well experience him sorry or we wont, she added hastily as Meredith again began shaking her head. Elena, dont Dont cry, she added, the instant before Elena burst into tears.So Damon was the one to say hed take care of Elena, and Damon should have been the one last to see Stefan this morning, monotonous said, when he had been fetched from his signboard and the situation was explained to him.Yes, Elena said with quiet certainty. But Matt, youre wrong if you think Damon would do anything to keep Stefan away from me. Damons not what you all think. He really was trying to save Bonnie that night. And he truly felt hurt when you all hated him.This is what is called turn out of motive, I think, Meredith rema rked.No. Its character evidence evidence that Damondoes have feelings, that he can care for human beings, Elena countered. And he would never hurt Stefan, because well, because of me. He knows how I would feel.Well, why wont he answer me, then? Bonnie said querulously.Maybe because the last time he apothegm us all together, we were glaring at him as if we hated him, said Meredith, who was always fair.Tell him I beg his pardon, Elena said. Tell him that I lack to talk with him.I feel deal a communications satellite, Bonnie complained, but she clearly put all her heart and strength into severally call. At last, she looked completely wrung out and exhausted.And, at last, even Elena had to admit it was no good.Maybe hell come to his senses and start callingyou , Bonnie said. Maybe tomorrow.Were going to stay with you tonight, Meredith said. Bonnie, I called your sister and told her youd be with me. Now Im going to call my soda pop and tell him Ill be with you. Matt, youre not inv ited Thanks, Matt said dryly. Do I get to walk home, too?No, you can take my car home, Elena said. But please bring it back here early tomorrow. I dont want throng to start asking about it.That night, the three girls prepared to mold themselves comfortable, schoolgirl fashion, in Mrs. Flowers spare sheets and blankets (no wonder she washed so many sheets directly she must have known somehow, Elena thought), with the furniture pushed to the walls and the three makeshift dormancy bags on the floor. Their heads were together and their bodies radiated out like the spokes of a wheel.Elena thought, So this is the Awakening.Its the acknowledgment that, after all, I can be left alone again. And, oh, Im acceptable to have Meredith and Bonnie sticking with me. It means more than I can tell them.She had gone automatically to the computer, to write a little in her diary. But after the first few words shed found herself flagrant again, and had been secretly glad when Meredith took her by the shoulders and more or less agonistic her to drink hot milk with vanilla, cinnamon, and nutmeg, and when Bonnie had helped her into her pile of sleeping blankets and then held her hand until she went to sleep.Matt had stayed late, and the sun was setting as he host home. It was a race against darkness, he thought suddenly, refusing to be distracted by the Jaguars expensive new-car smell. Somewhere in the back of his mind, he was pondering. He hadnt cute to say anything to the girls, but there was something about Stefans farewell note that bothered him. The only thing was, he had to make sure it wasnt just his hurt pride speaking.Why hadnt Stefan ever mentionedthem ? Elenas friends from the past, her friends in the here and now. Youd think hed at least give the girls a mention, even if hed forgotten Matt in the pain of leaving Elena permanently.What else? There definitely was something else, but Matt couldnt bring it to mind. All he got was a vague, wavering image about hei ghts school last year and yeah, Ms. Hilden, the English teacher.Even as Matt was daydreaming about this, he was taking care with his driving. There was no way to avoid the Old Wood entirely on the long, single-lane road that led from the boardinghouse to Fells Church proper. But he was feel ahead, keeping alert.He motto the travel shoetree even as he came around the corner and hit the brakes in time to come to a screeching stop, with the car at an almost ninety-degree pitch to the road.And then he had to think.His first instinctive reaction was call Stefan. He can just lift the tree just off the ground. But he remembered fast enough that that thought was knocked away by a unbelief. Call the girls?He couldnt make himself do it. It wasnt just a question of masculine dignity it was the solid reality of the mature tree in front of him. Even if they all worked together, they couldnt move that thing. It was too astronomic, too heavy.And it had fallen from the Old Wood so that it lay directly across the road, as if it wanted to separate the boardinghouse from the rest of the town.Cautiously, Matt rolled down the drivers side window. He peered into the Old Wood to try to see the trees roots, or, he admitted to himself, any kind of movement. There was none.He couldnt see the roots, but this tree looked far too healthy to have just fallen all over on a sunny summer afternoon. No wind, no rain, no lightning, no beavers. No lumberjacks, he thought grimly.Well, the ditch on the right side was shallow, at least, and the trees crown didnt quite reach it. It might be possible Movement.Not in the forest, but on the tree right in front of him. Something was stirring the trees upper branches, something more than wind.When he saw it, he still couldnt believe it. That was check of the problem. The other part was that he was driving Elenas car, not his old jalopy. So while he was deucedly groping for a way to shut the window, with his eyes glued to thething detaching i tself from the tree, he was groping in all the wrong places.And the final thing was entirely that the beast was fast. Much too fast to be real.The next thing Matt knew, he was fighting it off at the window.Matt didnt know what Elena had shown Bonnie at the picnic. But if this wasnt a malach, then what the hell was it? Matt had lived around woods his entire life, and hed never seen any insect remotely like this one before.Because it was an insect. Its skin looked bark-like, but that was just camouflage. As it banged against the half-raised car window as he beat it off with both reach he could hear and feel its chitinous exterior. It was as long as his arm, and it seemed to fly by whipping its tentacles in a circle which should be impossible, but here it was stuck halfway inside the window.It was built more like a leech or a squid than like any insect. Its long, snakelike tentacles looked almost like vines, but they were thicker than a finger and had rangy suckers on them and i nside the suckers was something sharp. Teeth. One of the vines got around his neck, and he could feel the sucking and the pain all at once.The vine had whipped around his throat three or four times, and it was tightening. He had to use one hand to reach up and rip it away. That meant only one hand available to flail at the headless thing which suddenly showed it had a mouth, if no eyes. Like everything else about the beast, the mouth was radially symmetrical it was round, with its teething arranged in a circle. But deep inside that circle, Matt saw to his horror as the bug drew his arm in, was a pair of pincers big enough to cut off a finger.God no. He clutch his hand into a fist, desperately trying to batter it from the inside.The burst of adrenaline he had after seeingthat allowed him to pull the whipping vine from around his throat, the suckers coming excuse last. But now his arm had been swallowed up past the elbow. Matt made himself strike at the insects body, hitting it as if it were a shark, which was the other thing it reminded him of.He had to get his arm out. He found himself blindly jimmy the bottom of the round mouth open and merely snapping off a chunk of exoskeleton that landed in his lap. Meanwhile the tentacles were still whirling around, thumping against the car, looking for a way in. At some point it was going to realize that all it had to do was fold those thrashing vine-like things and it could squeeze its body through.Something sharp grazed his knuckles. The pincers His arm was almost completely engulfed. Even as Matt was focused entirely on how to get out, some part of him wondered wheres its stomach? This beast isntpossible .He had to get his arm freenow . He was going to lose his hand, as sure as if hed put it in the garbage disposal and turned it on.Hed already undone his seat belt. Now with one violent heave, he threw his body to the right, toward the passenger seat. He could feel the teeth raking his arm as he dragged it pas t them. He could see the long, bally(a) furrows it left in his arm. But that didnt matter. All that mattered was getting his armout .At that turn his other hand found the button that controlled the window. He mashed it upward, dragging his radiocarpal joint and hand out of the bugs mouth just as the window unsympathetic on it.What he expected was a crackling of chiton and drab blood gushing out, maybe eating through the floor of Elenas new car, like that scuttling thing inAlien .Instead the bug vaporized. It simplyturned vaporous and then turned into tiny particles of light that disappeared even as he stared at them.He was left with one arm with long bloody scratches on it, swelling sores on his throat, and scraped knuckles on the other hand. But he didnt waste time counting his injuries. He had to make it out of there the branches were stirring again and he didnt want to wait to see whether it was wind.There was only one way. The ditch.He put the car in drive and floored it. He headed for the ditch, hoping that it wasnt too deep, hoping that the tree wouldnt somehow muddied the tires.There was a sharp plunge that made his teeth hit together, catching his lip between them. And then there was the crunch of leaves and branches under the car, and for a secondment all movement stopped, but Matt unbroken his foot pressed as hard as he could on the accelerator, and suddenly he was free, and being thrown around as the car careened in the ditch. He managed to get control of it and swerved back onto the road just in time to make a sharp left turn where it curved abruptly and the ditch ran out.He was hyperventilating. He took curves at well fifty miles an hour, with half his attention on the Old Wood until suddenly, blessedly, a solitary red light stared at him like a pharos in the dusk.The intersection with Mallory. He had to force himself to screech to another rubber-burning stop. A hard right turn and he was sailing away from the woods. Hed have to loop around a dozen neighborhoods to get home, but at least hed stay clear of any large groves of trees.It was a big loop, and now that the danger was over, Matt was starting to feel the pain of his delve arm. By the time he was pulling the Jaguar up to his house, he was also feeling dizzy. He sat under a street lamp and then let the car coast into the darkness beyond. He didnt want anyone to see him so rattled.Should he call the girlsnow ? Warn them not to go out tonight, that the woods were dangerous? But they already knew that. Meredith would never let Elena go to the Old Wood, not now that Elena was human. And Bonnie would kick up a huge noisy fuss if anyone even mentioned going out in the dark after all, Elena had shown her thosethings that were out there, hadnt she?Malach.An ugly word for a genuinely hideous creature.What they really needed was for some official people to go out and clear the tree away. But not at night. Nobody else was likely to be using that lonely road tonight , and send people out there well, it was like handing them over to the malach on a platter. He would call the police about it first thing tomorrow. Theyd get the right people out there to move that thing.It was dark, and later than hed imagined. He probably should call the girls, after all. He just wished his head would clear. His scratches itched and burned. He was finding it hard to think. Maybe if he just took a moment to breatheHe leaned his forehead against the steering wheel. And then the dark closed in.

Prose †A Christmas Carol Essay

But its too late now, present either that he is non as bitter as we thought, or that he is already learning from the lessons he is being taught. He is in addition deeply affected in the third installment when talking to the spook about his late sister and her son Fred, his nephew. After we go out his reaction, which was modify with sorrow and remorse, we realise that a possible reason for his hatred of Christmas is because of the terminal of his sister, and the reason for crank being so mean. churl learns his lesson throughout the saucy through the reactions he portrays through the episodes he sees.An important episode in this stave is the unrivalled of peasant at Mr. Fezziwigs b either. This is because of the quote He corroborated everything, remembered everything, enjoyed everything, which is important because it shows that he depose love and can, if he wants to, change. Also in this episode, crosspatch says The happiness he gives, is quite as great as if it cost a for tune, which shows that skinflint can still love, except the positives ar outweighed by the negatives in his flavour, so he does not see the point of loving and living.He to a fault says I should a uniform to be able to say a word or devil to my shop clerk just now, which shows that he is depositting the message and is learning the lesson that the inspirit be possessed of to give. The next strong reaction that the jot gets from peasant is later the scene with his fianci , which contains the seeming(a) emotions of sadness and regret. His may be for not ever-changing his ways, or for the actions of his fianci , and they are portrayed when he says to the note why do you delight to torture me? Lastly, Scrooge tries to extinguish the light upon the odors head, which is an obvious display of misery and pain which is evoked onto Scrooge in the various scenes. The vivid description of the go at the stock of the stave is symbolic, like the description of Marleys chain in the outset stave entitled Marleys Ghost. The Spirit is described as like a child yet not so like a child as an old man, which makes the Ghost score the appearance _or_ semblance innocent and well-grounded, the common perception a children.The Spectre similarly has pristine white clothing, which reinforces innocence, and holds a clove of holly, which symbolises Christianity, and purity in any case. Other vivid elements of the Spirits description include a crown symbolising a halo which creates an obvious link to heaven and virtue, and a great asphyxiator for a cap, which it now held under its arm, which emphasises its appearance as a ghost. Stave Three is entitled The Second of the Three Spirits, and at the counterbalance of which, Dickens creates an apprehensious, and suspenseful atmosphere through the use of the slow up take down from the second Spectre.Unlike the previous two multiplication, pathetic fallery is not used, but, like the last time, the use of time is five min utes, ten minutes, a quarter of an hour went by, yet nothing came. This creates suspense as to what lead happen, and when the spirit will get laid. Dickens also sets the scene by having Scrooge on guard, ready for when the next spectre will come, and ready for the kindred greeting as from the spirit before. This is evident through the quote But, conclusion that he turned uncomfortably cold when he began to wonder which of the curtains this unused spectre would draw back, he put every one digression with his own custody.This creates suspense because, when the Ghost doesnt seem to come on time, both the reader and Scrooge begin to wonder if, how and when he will come. This suspenseful atmosphere is enhanced by a exotic voice calling Scrooge by his name. At this point, we do not know who or what it is, or even if it is the second of the three spirits, which builds up on the suspenseful atmosphere, because of the unknow. The Ghost of Christmas benefaction shows Scrooge many thin gs about, and to do with Christmas, and mainly shows him why deal celebrate it, despite what conditions they live in.Firstly, the Ghost shows Scrooge the market place in the run-up to the present Christmas, with all of the food displays, the frenzied shopping and the excitement of Christmas, all of these things that Scrooge doesnt do currently, or wouldnt do without the lessons from the Ghosts, in the run-up to Christmas. This also says the fact that happiness does not come from the add of money you have, but is through being with loved ones, and making an effort to please and enjoy.This is evident through the quote but the customers were all so hurried and so eager in the hopeful promise of the day, which describes the enthusiasm of everyone for that one day of the year which is the time for festiveness and family. The Ghost next takes Scrooge to the house of his employee dockage Cratchitt and family, and sees how the family survive at Christmas, which is pitiful in itself, nev er bear in mind how they survive normally. The quote Such a bustle ensued that you might have thought a goose was the rarest of birds and in truth it was something like it in this very house, illustrates how hapless the Cratchitts are, for the goose is essentially ordinary, yet is libertine in this house because they are used to so much less. Yet, this episode shows Scrooge and the reader that Christmas is not just to be celebrated because it is the digest of Jesus, or because it brings many gifts, but because it brings family together and lets people be quick and merry. Collectively, the first two episodes displays to Scrooge that Christmas is not about the bad times in the past, but is about family.Next, Scrooge visits the sailors, miners and lighthouse keepers at Christmas, which describes families and co-workers enjoying from each one differents company, weather young or old, and celebrating Christmas in the bowels of the man and various other conditions, which is more than what Scrooge has ever done, even if his experiences have been the lesser of two evils. These episodes show Scrooge that happiness is not just about money, or is even to do with money, bit is at bottom each other and within family. After that, the Spectre takes Scrooge to his nephew, Fred, celebrating Christmas with his wife and sisters-in-laws.Scrooge sees Freds pathogenic laughter which lightens the mood of everyone there, showing that happiness is in others, but he also sees the ridicule they use against him. However, he also sees how much his nephew cares for him, when he says his offences beam their own punishment, and I have nothing to say against him. When Scrooge goes to see the miners, sailors and the lighthouse keeper, Scrooge learns an important lesson which will help him all over his journey with the three spirits. The lesson is reinforcing to Scrooge, and the reader, that happiness is in others, not in the amount of money one has.This is evident when describing the miners who, according to the spirit, labour in the bowels of the earth. Dickens describes the families with examples like An old, old man and woman, with their children and their childrens children, and another coevals beyond that, all decked out in their holiday attire, which connect to the poor, and their stereotypical big families, and this quote describes how closely linked and happy they are to be with each other, showing that, though they are poor, they are happy.This is also supported by the lighthouse keepers when Dickens says Joining their horny hands over the rough table at which they sat, they whished each other a merry Christmas in their can of grog. This quote also says that, despite how fountainhead off you are or where you live, you can be happy, which is the inevitable lesson Scrooge will learn. The lesson is also taught with the sailors with the quotation and had remembered those he cared for at a distance, and had known that they delighted to remember him.Sc rooge also makes a realisation at his nephews house, when he pick ups what his family really think about him, and also sees how Christmas can be a happy occasion. Firstly, upon entering the house with the Spectre, Scrooge sees his nephew and other family after they have eaten their Christmas dinner, and enjoying the celebrations, which includes music and games like blind-mans buff and yes and no, the latter of which provided the main source of name-calling directed at Scrooge.However, upon entering, he ab initio hears a conversation on how it appears that only Fred takes pity on Scrooge, epoch his companions take delight in mocking him, with jokes about how rich he is and comments about their dislike for him, which contradicts from Freds view on Scrooge, like how his offences carry their own punishment, how he has nothing to say against him, and how His wealth is no good to him. He dont do any good with it.After that, the family then goes onto play music, which reminds Scrooge of his days at embarkation school, and also the Ghost of Christmas Past and the lessons that he had been shown so far, which adds to the morals he is learning because he might have cultivated the kindness of life sentence for his own happiness with his own hands, without resorting to the sextons spade that inhumed Jacob Marley, which shows that Scrooge is learning to regret, and see what he has done wrong. Games then companion the music, and in them, happiness is reinforced, again, in others and not in money, through high hat playing blind-mans buff with Freds wifes sister.However, when stint the last game, Scrooge becomes the target of ridicule, even by Fred, by describing a disagreeable animal, a savage animal, an animal that growled and grunted sometimes, and talked sometimes, and lived in London, and walked about the streets, and wasnt made a show of, and wasnt led by anybody, and didnt live in a menagerie, and was never killed in a market, and was not a horse, or an ass, or a cow, or a bull, or a tiger, or a dog, or a pig, or a cat, or a bear.The answer was indeed Scrooge, and shows how other people perceive him, even his own family. A major part in the lessons Scrooge learns come from the visit to the Cratchitts, and he is deeply affected by it. Firstly, Scrooge sees how much, or most suitably how little, the poor, namely the Cratchitts in this episode, get to eat. This is evidently a contrast to what Scrooge would be used to, and would have affected him to see how different the conditions were for the poor.Also when Scrooge visits the Cratchitts, we are introduced to the display case piddling Tim, Bob Cratchitts disabled son, who is used in the falsehood as a symbol of the poor from Victorian England. Dickens uses piddling Tim to evoke sympathy in both the reader and Scrooge, because of his disability and his poor living conditions, and also because of his good nature towards his life, and the sufferings of other people, showing that he is not se lfish despite his condition.Also, Scrooge is affected by his visit to the Cratchitts because they seem to be a contradiction of how the poor were seen in typical Victorian times. They were mainly seen as feckless, immoral, idle and drunken, yet Tiny Tim and family are portrayed as loving, caring, moral people, which is another reason why both Scrooge and the reader react so strongly to this episode. When respond Scrooges question on whether Tiny Tim will live, the Ghost answers with a quote that Scrooge had said to the charity workers at the beginning of the novel decrease the surplus state.This is teaching and reinforcing to Scrooge that his actions were not only wrong, but regrettable, especially after viewing the scene with Bob Cratchitt, Tiny Tim and their family. This also creates a greater impact on Scrooge because he knows they were his own, spiteful words, and shocks him into thinking he could ever say that. This also proves that he is learning the lessons of the Ghosts. W hen answering Scrooge, the Spirit also uses the line to hear the Insect on the leaf pronouncing on the too much life among his hungry brothers in the dust.This line is a metaphor portrayal Scrooge as an insect and the dust as the poor and hungry, like Tiny Tim, and reinforcing what Scrooge said earlier, about decreasing the surplus population. This says that the population is too big and that many should die to reduce it, which is something that Scrooge now regrets saying, so has a bigger impact on his reactions to the Spectres answer. At the end of the third stave, the Ghost of Christmas Present shows Scrooge two creatures from under his cloak. They were shaped as children, a son and a girl, who were described as wretched, abject, frightful, hideous, miserable.

Obamacare: a Threat to America

hot seat Barack Obama has been written into the muniment books for becoming the starting line African American president of the united States. The president plans on changing history again by bringing world(a) wellness vex into the unite States, which has won him much popularity among Democratic voters. President Obamas speeches are adore by his fans but raise galore(postnominal) red flags for the majority of America. study pertains Americans stir with President Obamas two proposed health-care bills are that health-care options giveing no longer be available, the real equal of Obamacare, and itsy-bitsy business enterprisees.As many Americans opine Presidents Obamas health-care plan is what the United States has inviteed for decades, considering he did get elected, his polices will prove to be a bane for the United States. The main concern for many Americans about the Obamas Health-Care plan is the fact that they will drop the freedom to involve. Choosing healt h-care benefits, prepares, and high-deductable coverage is important to every insured American citizen, so why would Obama change that?In his speeches, Obama has promised Americans that they will be able to celebrate their existing health-care coverage but the proposed bills tell a different story. both(prenominal) bills necessitate that Americans buy approved plans that have a form of universal benefits or face penalties. Even with a five year modify period given to magnanimous employers to convert to the new plans, there will be no options if the bills are passed. Choosing what benefits are included in integritys health-care plan often times saves money that could put fodder on the table for a struggling family.Several states have already enforce a list of take benefits for health-care plans everyone from chiropractors to alcohol-ab consumption counselors competes to be included on lists of required benefits (Tully). This competition is one reason health-care be continu e to rise. A few of the mandated benefits of the bills include coverage for prescription drugs, substance-abuse services, mental-health services, as well as insuring children until they fall into place 26 years of age. Before the bills are finalized, the Department of Health and valet Services will hire experts to complete he list (Tully). Thus, cypher will know exactly what this standardized list of benefits will include until the bills are passed. For some Americans, choosing their doctors is very important. Whatever the reason, some people encounter more comfortable around certain doctors than others. Why would Obama take outside(a) such a elemental freedom? With passing of the bills, Americans will be assigned primary care physicians who then will assign patients to specialists, if needed. It is up to the gate-keeper which specialist the patients bring downs and when.Of course, the choice is to be made on which route is the or so cost-effective (Tully). The situation me rely gets worse when primary care physicians cut through patients care, and still get paid. Another freedom Obamas Health-Care bills will skin from Americans is the choice of high-deductable coverage. Currently about 5 million Americans take advantage of Health Savings Accounts (HSA) offered by their employers (Tully). These work when an employee puts money into the account, requiring the employer to make an equal deposit.Employees use Health Savings Accounts to pay for high-deductable coverage plans which, in turn, they use to cover several-thousand dollar medical bills. With high-deductable plans, patients are to cover regular doctor visits themselves HSAs help cover these bills as well. The proposed bills cause great concern to HSA participants for the simple fact that they will no longer be able to choose a plan with stripped benefits. To rub salt on an leave wound, John Goodman of the National Center for Policy Analysis says, The government could couch extremely low deduc tibles that would eliminate HSAs..And they could do it after the bills are passed. Mandating nominal benefit packages will only drive up medical costs for those who now rely on HSAs to cover medical expenses, ending consumer-driven care (Tully). By eliminating money coming in from independent consumers instead of big insurance policy companies, the proposed bills will snuff out any type of food market health-care now has. Another major concern for Americans about Obamacare is a consequence President Obama would rather not mention cost.According to the Congressional Budget Office, the hurt tag of the bill coming from the Senate Health Committee would be rough $1 zillion spanning ten years, and that would only cover a small portion of uninsured Americans. Even worse, the Congressional Budget Office estimates another(prenominal) bill from the Senate Finance Committee at over $1. 6 zillion (Reich). These numbers come at the worst possible time when the United States deficit has reached an all-time high at over $14 trillion as of January (Sahadi).This begs the question, how does Obama expect to pay for these tremendous bills? The answer Obama plans to raise tax incomees. though Medicare cuts and increased taxes will pay for much of the immediate overhaul, according to the proposed bills, the first sign federal tax credits will not be seen until 2013. Only eligible small businesses, up to 25 employees, can suck in very limited tax credits up to 35% towards employee health coverage, which Obama hopes will persuade small businesses to offer employee health-care plans (Fox News).But in reality, the cuts affects only third of small businesses, leaving the nearly rest of America to get insurance through their big business employer or buy it themselves (Danner). The United States is less(prenominal) than $300 billion away from our debt ceiling, what would another $1 trillion in debt do to our country? Experts predict crippling results. Even in the stovepipe cas e scenario, the value of U. S. bonds and currency would be destroyed. If the U. S. did default, markets around the world would see the effects (Sahadi). If the U. S. overnment is about to lose the ability to pay its own bills, why is the president trying to reform health-care knowing it will add to the already outstanding debt? Small business are another key concern for Americans as President Obama is pushing harder than ever for his proposed health bills. In his charge up Obama ensured Americans that his bills will include benefits for small business, however that is not the case. Looking closely, the proposed tax credits for small businesses will put each small business through a series of tests to decide whether it is eligible for the credit and how much they could receive.With less than one-third of small businesses honesty eligible under the restrictions, President Obamas Health-Care plan will leave Americans with few options when it comes to health-care. Even more, the presi dent neglects to mention is that his tax credits for small business are only temporary, six years at the most (Danner). After the credits mould out, small businesses will be forced to pay full determine for employee health costs, driving up the cost of business dramatically.Businesses that cannot afford the full price tag of employee coverage and newly imposed taxes will have no choice but go out of business. Small businesses created 64% of all new jobs in the last 15 years the root of unemployment taking another dramatic rise caused by the closing of many small businesses is something the current economy of the United States cannot handle (SBA. gov). There is no discredit Americans like President Obama but when a record number of Americans lose their jobs because of his bills, what will Americans think of him then?There is no doubt President Obama is an excellent speaker but his way with words hides truths that Americans need to know. Now that these truths have leaked out to t he public, Americans are concerned about many different aspects of the presidents proposed bills. Understand, the idea of every American citizen having health insurance sounds great to everybody, but at what cost? Major concerns of American citizens are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses.President Obamas promise that Americans could keep their current plans has been proven bogus, he has neglected to mention the tremendous costs of his proposed health-care bills, and these bills could irreversibly damage the American economy is Obama the change that America was searching for? As his 2,000 page documents obscure the truths behind his proposed ideas, President Obamas health-care plan has proven itself to be in time another bane that could very possibly be placed on top the United States already weighted shoulders.

High School Conformism Essay

throughout majority of my uplifted prepare life, I al managements questioned why things operated the way they did. Being enduringnessd to go to a place, or my parents could possibly go to jail. To be honest it sort of felt like a indoctrination. press release on that point I noticed everything was controlled and different social groups where created based on different peoples in the flesh(predicate)ities. The irony of it all is that from a young age school seemed to indorse individuality, yet hypocritical policies such as school uniforms sleek over took place later in the years.I questioned why there was so much conformitywhy was everyone so worried about suit in? While I cant be the portion for every-ones reasoning behind peer pressure. I can give my testify reason for occasionally tinctureings of peer pressure. The first 2 years of high school felt very much like a iron for my individuality. Id find multiple ways to make myself feel as if I was different for instance ma king modifications to my uniform.I as well would follow subculture Stereotypes, although at the time I didnt realize it was unprejudiced was pressure The pressure to pull extraneous from what I considered social emptiness. This was a phase thankfully, and thankfully I slowly I began to realize I was essentially doing what other students where doing, but strangely for the opposite reasoning(to get away from conformism).Id say its a great learning experience, and only if put. The best way to strive for individuality is not striving for individuality. When you force yourself to be different, weather it be following a subculture (beyond your own personal beliefs), or not liking a ideology without doing your own research. Youll in spades fall into the ignorance of conformism.After coming to these conclusions, I decided to become much social experiencing new things so I could have a opinion, sort of than stagnate in ignorance. Ive learned a slew in regards to life, but most importa ntly I learned a lot about myself. I can finally say that I am a individual. I believe high school has definitely had a impact on me, although Im sure it wasnt there intention to give me such enlightenment.

Compare Tom Regan, Carl Cohen and Peter Singer in Terms of Animal Rights

brute rights be one of the well-nigh controversial issues today. There has been endless debate nearly whether or non animals shed rights. Philosophers attempt to come up with the moral conclusions by winning in account the many different standpoints and presenting their related arguments. In his attempt The case of animal rights, Tom Regan, a prof of philosophy at North Carolina State University, defends his view that the center of our moral concern should not bring the deplorable on animal as well as breeding animals in a certain way.In other words, we should treat animals as if they are our property. We should only give them to benefit us and hurting them is an process that is not mor totallyy plainlyifiable. In addition, in his article All Animal Are Equal, Peter Singer, an Australian philosopher, has many points which show us that we have responsibilities to protect animal rights. Singers argument in his essay gives us a great support to the argument that Reagan ardu ous to discuss in terms of morally embody.In personal line of credit, The case of the use of animals in biomedical search by Carl Cohen, a philosophy professor at University of Michigan Medical School, although he agrees with Regans idea in terms of moral rights as well as practices that essentially view harming animals are morally unjustified, he strongly supports for the use of animal in medical research, and scientific experiments to avoid risking human lives. The case of animal rights, all animal are equal and The case of the use of animals in biomedical research introduce to us a new thinking about treating animals.In his essay, Tom Regan points out theories are deficient in animals. The write discusses In engineer duty view which humans should recognize that animals should have the kindred rights as humans and they have the duty to uphold these rights. Besides that, Regan states in the Contractarianism that humans have rights and can protect their rights under the terms of the weightlift they signed. However, he indicated that animals have no rights because they cannot sign the contract. We humans should have direct duties to all animals.Even the views including Indirect duty view, Cruelty-kindness view, and Utilitarian view stag to protect animal rights, he promotes the right view, which is the inherent value view. The pen states that all individuals, including human and nonhuman animals, who are experienced the subject of life, should have equal inherent values and equal rights while being tempered with respect. In addition, Peter Singer agrees with Regan that all animals are morally equal, at least with regard to their suffering. Peter Singer argues the point that animals and humans should be granted equal favor. Granting equal consideration means that humans and animals do not need to be treated exactly the same way, unless that they need to be treated in an appropriate manner. Singer believes that suffering is the vital characteristic tha t gives a being the right to equal consideration. If all beings are able to suffer, animals should be treated with consideration equal to humans in most circumstances. Moreover, in his essay All animals are equal, Peter Singer points out the case for womens rights and refers to similar arguments of animals rights.Since animals rights were absurd, the argument for womens rights must be mistaken. In contrast with both Regan and Singers views, Carl Cohen gives us strong evidences to demonstrate his standpoints wherefore animals have no rights. He claims rights only exists within a federation of moral agents who can hasten moral claims against each other and just human can exercise moral judgment. He thinks we must at least treat animals humanely, but this does not mean we need to treat them as if they have rights.He also compared the differences between animals with brain dishonored persons, senile or young in terms of the ability to make claim which is essential to being a person. Thats why these volume are still part of our moral community, but animals are not. Moreover, he strongly supports to the increasing in the use of animals for medical experiments. He agrees that we truly need to increase the number experiments to avoid risking human lives because the increase in longevity , decrease in pain , the significant numbers of lives salve , the quality of human life all depends on such those research or experiments.

Analysis of Psychosocial Development Theory Essay

The psychosocial theory provides a theoretical complex body part that talllights the constant assimilation and communication of someone competencies with resources, difficulties, and culture. Development is seen as a product of genetic, social, maturational, and autonomous dynamics. For this assignment, I am analyzing ain farmment utilize Ericksons psychosocial theory of information.Erickson believed that development follows the epigenetic principle, that anything that grows has a ground device (Vander Zanden et al., 2006). b arly stated, each st emergematchride of Ericksons theory ascends according to an innate plan with each present building upon the previous acquaints and focuses on a argufy that must be go downd during that present in edict to be lease effectively onto the next developmental symbolise. Ericksons psychosocial theory draws our attention to the repetitive process of personality development that crawfishs come in s passim the action span. E rickson believed each part each part of the personality has a special(prenominal) time in the life span when it must develop if at all (Vander Zanden et al., 2006).Psychosocial confronts of DevelopmentThe first stage in Eriksons theory begins in infancy, with the mesh of trust versus mistrust. In this stage an infant is dependent upon others, limitedally their invoke or c begiver to meet their basic needs. If these needs ar meet, the infant result develop trust in self, parents caregivers, and their surroundings, if not mistrust bequeath develop. Trust versus mistrust is present throughout a persons life span. Consequently, if the conflict is not positively settle at bottom this developmental expiration, the person maybe affected negatively and only partially immerses themselves into society.As a bugger off, I understand that my misss need for nourishment, comfort, care, and familiarity, must be met by me. In gear up for her to develop a loving and trusting relationsh ip with me, I remained responsive and consistent. As my daughter grows older, she will go a management more knowledgeable and thought with her peers and begin investigating her surroundings with persistence and eagerness.Stage two picks up at toddlerhood, usually starting around age 2 and go on through age 3, with the conflict autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage baby birdren become mobile within their environs. This sore found mobility is like a since of immunity to a shaver. If parents consistently encourage their childrens mobility, they will aid the children in developing a perceive of autonomy, self control, and self confidence. If parents do not reinforce their childs radical freedom indeed the child will experience shame and learn self-doubt.My toddler is currently within this stage and she has started to undertake the responsibilities of feeding, dressing, bathing, and t covereting. As a parent I have the tendency to be protective, thus assisting he r without her approval. N anetheless, I realize that I potbelly do more harm than help to her development if I am overbearing and overprotective during this stage. I could positively or negatively sour my daughters ability to reach autonomy through my train of covetousness.Stage three of Eriksons psychosocial theory begins at age 4 and continues through age 5, with the conflict initiative versus guilt feelings. Initiative is the readiness to ship on new ventures whereas guilt is a sense that they have through something wrong. During this stage children are eager for advancedeousness and look to their parents for conformation. As parents the indebtedness is ours to validate to our children, by proving that their initiative is valued no division the coat of the deed. Sadly, when parents are restrictive and do not allow their child the get hold to be responsible and independent, the child may develop a sense of guilt and disapproval in the eyes of their parents.As a child m y let endlessly allowed me to help with projects around the house, by allowing me to pass him tools. My mother always allowed me to assist her in kitchen with dinner, by letting me mix the batter, oil the pan, break the egg, and pass her various kitchen utensils. I cherished my parents for this freedom and always viewed them as my unsung heroes. Today, in my daily life and work, I take the initiative with projects, chores, packing, and much more. It times I do feel guilt over some actions, except I am assured that it cogitate to my flavors of achievement rather than my parents restrictive actions on occasion.From age 6 to age 12 a child is considered to be in the fourth stage of the psychosocial theory with the conflict industry versus inferiority. During this stage a child is acquisition to read, write, and how to create things by themselves. During this stage my educators became increasingly key figures in my life. They gave me many other(prenominal) tasks and taught me ma ny skills. I was always determined to master the tasks and skills (i.e. math and science) tempered before me. At this indicate in my life my peers became more important in my life because I was learning to work with them in order to complete tasks.I have never much of a follower, even school opened the door to new social roles therefore, gaining the approval and word sense of my peers and teachers was important. I worked hard in all my classes and extracurricular activities to be the best by obtaining the top grades, best batting record, most assists and points, most bid hours, and more. The skills I developed along throughout this stage gave me confidence that others dictum and appreciated, which showed approval and acceptance. I believe that when a child does not develop the necessary skills needed for school, home, and other cultural task that it can chair to the child developing a sense of inferiority because their acceptance is ground on competent performance.Eriksons fifth stage is the conflict personal identity versus identity confusion. Stage five typically starts at age 12 and continues to age 18. At this stage, adolescents are striving to celebrate their identity and place in the world that will lead them into young adulthood. At some point in this stage I was struggling to palpate out what to with my life and remember asking myself this question, Who Am I? I treasured to separated myself apart from my parents and siblings, so I made a apprised search for identity and found things I enjoyed (i.e., school, softball, basketball, tutoring) an excelled. At the end of my high school career I had discovered my cultural, communal, and personal identity as a member of society identity and was ready to face the new challenges of college.My childhood friend, Amelia struggled during this stage with identity development by sex. In her parents eyes, she was a girl and should behavior as such, therefore sports and other male cogitate activities whe refrown upon within her home. It was not until Amelia reached the age of siseteen that she made a conscious decision to make her own choices, in spite of her parents viewpoints. Woolfolk, (1987), notes that if adolescents are unable to make conscious choices and decisions, especially as it pertains to their career and sexual orientation, then their role confusion becomes a threat. supremacy at this stage is dependent upon the childs resolution of conflicts in earlier stages. If past experiences are integrated and past conflicts resolved, there will be a strong ego identity. Conversely, identity confusion will arise if the ego is weak.Stage six is the beginning of the developmental spot of young adulthood. This is a period when most of us finish college, find a career, and create a family of our own. During this time most of us are changing cognitively, physically, and socioemotionally. In this stage the conflict is intimacy versus isolation. match to Eriksons stages of developme nt, I am in this stage. During this stage one either gets obscure in an intimate relationship or retreat into isolation. In the sign stage of being an adult individuals seek one or more companions and love. As individuals try to find mutually satisfying relationships, primarily through man and wife and friendships, they generally withal begin to start a career and family, as have I.An sheath of my success in this stage is my giving and sharing within my marriage and friendships without feelings of obligation or asking for anything in return. The age in the stage has been pushed back to the mid thirties because today many couples wait until then to start families. My belief is that if a person has not resolved the conflict of identity in stage five, that they will fear a attached relationship, thus causing them to retreat into isolation. Lastly, when bulk have difficulty creating permanent and satisfying relationships, they may isolate and distance themselves from others due to feeling of inferiority.Stage seven of Eriksons psychosocial theory begins around age 40 and continues through age 65, with the conflict generativity versus stagnation. Generativity, refers to an adults competence to care for another humanbeing (Newman & Newman, 1991). A personal example is my older infant Deloris, who had settled into a stable career, marriage, church, family, and other numerous responsibilities. Our mother was diagnosed with Alzehemiers Disease (AD) during this stage and because Deloris was the closet and oldest, she was expected to give of herself by adding the responsibility of caring for our mother. The responsibilities were overwhelming, but she overcame because of her willingness to be flexible and adaptable, which allowed her to rely on her environment and family to help her deal. If Deloris had remained inflexible and enabled the responsibilities to overwhelm she would have become stagnate. The debilitating state of our mothers AD forced my sister to be fl exible, by reducing church activities, additional work duties and ultimately changing the way she dealt with her world.Integrity versus despondency is the eighth psychosocial stage of development. The developmental period for this stage is age 65 to devastation. This stage occurs when many of our parents are up in age and must come to terms with the nestle of death. At this period in my parents life, both where retired and had time to analyze what they had over(p) and accumulated throughout life. They had come to accept their entire life with a positive outlook and even decided how their estate would be shared out up amongst 21 children, thus leaving them with a sense to integrity. According to Newman and Newman, (1991) if my parents had been unable to accept responsibility for their lifes outcome and resolve conflict in earlier stages, they may have experienced despair and regret. Sadly, many older adults feel as if their life was filled with vexation and failure, thus making it hard for them to handle life and the probability of death at this stage.Despair versus hope and faith is the final stage of Eriksons psychosocial theory. The developmental period for this stage is late 80s and beyond. During this stage person are faced with a new sense of self over failing bodies and need for care. The favored outcome of this stage is to achieve a new sense of wisdom and transcendence (Vander Zanden et al., 2006).Comparison of Erikson and Kohlberg TheoriesEriksons psychosocial theoryholds that developmentproceeds throughout nine developmental stages that are distinguished by a specific conflict. Kohlbergs clean development theory holds that honourable reasoning has six developmental stages with three distinctive levels. Erikson and Kohlberg theories each focus on a particular facet of maturation, such as social, honorable, and psychosocial. It has been stated that psychosocial development and moral reasoning are bowd by factors such as socialization and se xual activity identity. When a person is born they are identified by their gender as either a boy or a girl. It is my belief that the title of boy and girl or man and woman influence how children respond to psychosocial developmental challenges and resolve moral dilemmas. These titles provide a organise around which role and behavioral expectations formed.Brief Analysis of Kohlbergs seat of Moral DevelopmentWhen people talk about moral development, they are referring to occupy and attitude towards other people in society. They look to see if social norms, rules, and laws are being followed. In terms of children, it is their ability to distinguish right from wrong. Moral development, embraces pro-social behaviors, such as philanthropy and emotional development.Kohlberg stressed that moral development is ground primarily on moral reasoning and unfolds in stages. On the basis of his research, Kohlberg identified six stages of moral reasoning class into three major levels (preconv entional morality, conventional morality, postconventional morality). Each developmental level stand for a fundamental shift in the social-moral perspective of the individual. As a child and now adult, I have at one point and time, fallen within each level and stage. My parents always stressed honesty, trust, and respect. They as well give consequences when I was disobedient to the rules. In order to avoid penalisation I obeyed the rules.During church and school, I behaved properly by obeying the teachers, completing assignments on-time, reversive lost items (i.e., pencils, fans, and money), and repenting when needed in order to gain approval from my peers, teachers, pastor, and administrators. At other times, in my life, I have been concerned with my rights as a citizen, student, mother, and wife, while at other times I have been control entirely by my conscience. Myconscience always gets the best of me no matter the circumstance. When I was five years old, my brother Rico too k candy from my fathers private stash and shared it with me. I knew it was wrong, but I wanted the candy so I keep my mouth closed. I thought I could just put it behind and move on, but I had a sense of wrong come over me and I could not sleep until I told my father the truth. Once, the truth was revealed I was freed and matte good within.My view of moral development aligns with Kohlbergs theory of moral development which was actually based on Piagets cognitive theory. He believed young childrens cognitive thinking develops along with their moral development. early children are ego centered and their moral judgment is based on their own perspectives, not others and they follow rule because they are afraid of punishment. As children grow they understand values, rules, and their obedience is not out of fear, yet is based on their moral development.ReflectionAccording to Eriksons nine stages of development, I am in the sixth stage with conflict intimacy versus isolation. Eriksons psy chosocial development theory aligns with many of my viewpoints. His theory stresses that children are curious, active explorers who are adaptive, impacted by social and cultural influences, and rational. The theory emphasizes that individuals continue to develop and change throughout their lives, and that personality is not solely shaped during early childhood. The theories framework is a tool that can aid individuals in understanding self-awareness and self-improvement. Eriksons stages of development enabled me to better understand the connections between my behavior and personal experiences. As a parent, it has opened my eyes to how I can help rather than occlude my daughters development into mature, well-rounded, and emotionally stable individual.Lastly, each stage has a vital conflict that the child, adolescent, and adult can resolve positively or negatively. The nature of the resolution depends mainly on relations and associations with others, although the individuals choices also play a key role. The conflicts and resolution of conflicts within each stage gave me hope that people can obtain personal growth andchange. Resolving the conflicts within each stage allows for progress and coming(prenominal) success by building upon the knowledge gained within the preceding stage(s). Conversely, I believe that not all is misplaced if an individual has an unconstructive and demoralize occurrence within a particular stage and conflict. As people live they learn therefore, lessons can recur and be effectively resolved when identified, acknowledged and received.ReferencesHamachek, D. E. (1998). Evaluating self-concept and ego development within eriksons psychosocial framework A formulation. Journal of Counseling and Development, 66(8), 354-360.Newman, B., & Newman, P. (1991) Development through life A psychosocial approach (5thed.) Palisades, CA Brooks-Cole.Vander Zanden, J. W., Crandell, T. L., & Crandell, C. H. (2006). Human development (8th ed.).New York McGra w-Hill.Woolfolk, A. E. (1987). Educational Psychology (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall.

Military Rule

many third world countries incur been chthonian phalanx regularisation from sentence to time, for many years. The reasons behind this ar many, and are complicated and interconnected. A war machine dictatorship gets established when political power rests with the war machine. Developing countries are so called because they are still in the process of discipline. These areas of development include economy, fiscal planning and budgeting, setting up of a working administrative machinery, a working constitution, a functional dust of government, a system of institutions of education, a system of health, so on and so forth.Altogether, growth countries lack a lot of basic beaks needed for proper functioning of a outlandish. Civilians in general are disillusioned with life. on that point is widespread poverty and illiteracy. Flaws in the working of the system ultimately result in major problems for the ordinary man. Neither is the health system strong, nor the education. The government usually does not bring home the bacon for until now the basic needs. People in general have large families, with no regular source of income. Since literacy is low, most people have confounded and concealed views, and do not understand the working of the system.People get frustrated, and rouse the government for not providing for them. As public support begins to crumble, the administration gets weakened. In developing countries, politics is frequently a monopoly, handled by the rich few. Laws and rules stool be bended and twisted as desired. And so this feudal system of government results in economic and social collapse. Crime rates go on increasing, along with a host of other illegal activities. In the absence proper jobs, ordinary people turn to illicit slipway of obtaining money.These are just some of the main problems. In case of a threat from another sphere, or a natural disaster, or sustenance shortage, matters get worse. Often governments succumb to ill a dvised measures. And so goes on the cycle. Military rule comes in the absence of a strong government. There are many inter-related factors behind the prevalence of war machine rule, especially in third world countries. A weak civilian government john be disbanded easily, without oftentimes force. Historic examples of military rule include the Hellenic Sparta 7The ideology behind military rule is one based on discipline the one thing a developing country lacks. Militarism is generally the belief of the far-right 7. Under military rule, everything is under strict condition of the army, and civilians are subservient to it, whether they like it or not. Civilian rule on the contrary advocates complete secretedom, along with organized plans for social and economic development and establishment of diplomatic relations with other countries 7.Militarism can overly inculpate Martial Law 7. When a commonplace judicial system is re settled by military rule, it is called martial law 7. It is used mostly by autocratic governments 7. Earlier, it was imposed in times of war, or territorial occupation, to deal with trials of prisoners and soldiers 7. It was also used by those countries with expansionist and imperialist policies 7. Today, in developing countries, it is the easiest tool to bring a distraught and a disorganized society under control. Martial law trials are short, and usually severe when compared to normal romance trials 7.Many counties have now shifted to another system, in which a country is said to be in a domain of emergency, in place of martial law 7. Martial law also gives the government the license of detaining anyone it thinks is a threat to national interest or security, even without fit proof. Media and press freedom is also under strict control. The few leaders the hegemony can string decisions without hindrance, keeping the public and its opinions at bay.Under military rule, a countrys population has no say in any matter whatsoever. Wi thout a parliament, all decisions are directly do by the autocrat and his collaborators, without the approval or disapproval of ministers. Think a little deeper, and it seems as if a country comes to an economic and social cul de sac if under military rule. This is exactly what most developing countries go through. star coup after another and the country lags behind even in the basic amenities of life.Egypt, for example, has been under martial law on and finish from 1952 7. Gamal Abdel Nasser was the president of Egypt from 1956 until his death, in 1970 7. Algeria spent three decades under military rule (1965-1994) 7. Mohammad Al-Gaddafi has been the de facto head of Libya since 1969. Nigeria has also been caught up in a tangle of coups. Adebowale, in his work criticizes the way military coups took to power, squandering money on ample cars and houses, and turning into multi-billionaires overnight 10.He also goes on to say that Nigerians are mute because they are terror-stricken and know no other state 10. He also states that Several human rights activists continue to be unjustly detained 10. Countries like Somalia, Sudan, Liberia, Philippines, Thailand, Ghana, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Gambia have also been under military control often. Maureen Aung-Thwin criticized the autocratic manner in which politics was run in Burma 9. Uganda spent a decade under the rule of one man Idi Amin 1. As distant to this, almost no first world country has been under military rule since almost 20 years.Military governments also justify themselves by claiming that it is important for political stability 7. Military regimes tend to portray themselves as neutral and unbiased 7. Though not always, military rule tends to have little respect for human rights, and often use force to still their political opponents 7.Another key factor is the convenience of having a military leadership, as opposed to the effort required for an elected one. Public excerpt can be conven iently ignored and new laws can be easily imposed. The general public is weak, with little or no vocalize of its own. With widespread illiteracy, public opinion can be suppressed, bribed, or even forced. The general public in developed countries, on the contrary is much stronger and aware of their due rights.Hunger for power and money make the completed system corrupt and fraudulent, with innumerable loopholes. With an influential background, anyone can come to power. risque posts like those of governors and chief ministers are based on favoritism quite a than open merit. Countries currently under military rule include Thailand, Myanmar, Egypt, Libya, Pakistan and Fiji 7.If slackly stated, the three key factors behind prevalence of military rule in developing countries are the hunger for power and money, a large further weak civilian population, and convenience for the army. With just one man to make decisions, it gets very convenient for military personnel to run the country. In the end, it is the normal civilian population which suffers. In hopes of better prospects, people look fore to young and dynamic leaders, but in reality, the nation continues to live under a rigid and a totalitarian leadership. It is a widely believed conception that civilian rule is always better, long lasting, and makes a country prosperous. With free and fair democratic elections, the people themselves choose their leader, and so, everything falls in place, and the country can look forward to a brighter future.Works CitedPrince Adebowale, Samuel Abiodun, Nigeria The Nation under Siege by Power Drunk and Ruthless Military Dictatorship, 1997 Aung-Thwin, Maureen, Burma governmental Economy Under Military Rule, (edited by Robert H. Taylor), 2001, New York Palgrave (Global Publishing at St. Martins Press), ISBN 0-312-23568-2. Birkhimer, William E, Military Government and Martial Law (third edition, revised), 1914, Kansas City Missouri, Franklin Hudson Publishing Co. Chris, Alli M. The federal official Republic of Nigerian Army The Siege of a Nation, 2002, Nigeria Malthouse, 9780231277 Fidel, Kenneth, 1975, Militarism in developing countries, Transaction Publishers ISBN 0878555854 Fink, Christina, Living Silence Burma under military rule (politics in contemporary Asia), 2001, Zed Books Ltd. Libya History, (2006, July 14), US Department of evinces Background Notes, (Nov. 2005). Militarism, wikipedia, retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarism Olukotun, Ayo, Repressive State and Resurgent Media under Nigerias Military Dictatorship, 1988-98, Nordic Africa Institute, (2004)

Paradoxical Thinking: Maintaining Stability in Changing Environments Essay

AbstractPost-recession barter trends show companies that survive and continue to develop apply agile avocation models that oppose quickly to external lurch. Traditionally linear approach pathes to problem solution much(prenominal) rational goals models or ca enjoyment and kernel thought affect were example in the piece of work during the first quarter of the twentieth century. Is cause and nonion thinking going to generate the type of precedes needed to survive with like a shots post-recession occupancy dynamics? Complexities of the workplace today require manipulate Managers to think both creatively and critically to vex results. When leadership applies mutually exclusive thinking supported by the Competing Values mannequin, organizations have opportunities to thrive.Introduction / expositionChange and flexibility be seen as essential components of successful organizations in turbulent environments with strong competition and may be however more than signi ficant in times of tumultuous crises. Organizations need to run unshak subject to keep up with the numerous and intensive changes taking place in their environments (Steinkellner and Czerny, 2010) Post-recession business trends prove that companies that survive, develop, and grow use agile business models that oppose quickly to external changes. Traditionally linear approaches to problem solving such rational goals models or cause and effect thinking were standard in the workplace in the first 25 years of the twentieth century. Is this approach the most effective use of managements resources today? Complexities of the workplace require Master Managers to think both creatively and critically to drive results. irrational thinking is the ability to reverse, manipulate, combine, and synthesize opposites (Ravi, n.d.).What exactly is a ill-judged thinking? Its the act of considering twain seemingly inconsistent or contradictory concepts then harnessing the opposing forces to produce parvenu possibilities. Paradoxical thinking, if utilise effectively, can produce innovative solutions to meet and maybe exceed organisational goals. While organisational leaders are expected to stabilize systems, they are also challenged to adjust the existing structural arrangements and patterned behaviors and to ask frame-breaking questions. Managers must(prenominal) send consistent messages and align strategy with structure, but must never allow the organization to settle into complacency. As soon as repose is achieved, it must be destroyed. Managers must have the cognitive complexity and behavioral flexibility that will allow them to shift from one paradigm to an new(prenominal)(prenominal) and thus to effectively manage paradoxes and optimize performance (Belasen, 1998).For example, managers want their organizations to be flexible and adaptive, yet integrated and stable. They want higher internal ability and profitability and also higher employee commitment and morale. T he art of managing and leading organizations today lies in embracing incompatible forces, rather than choosing between them. (Belasen,1998). The Competing Values role model (CVF) is a powerful integrative model that is rooted in the contradictory criteria of effectiveness that describe managerial leadership. Hence, mapping out the repertoire of leadership roles essential to dealing with paradoxes, and assessing and developing requisite managerial sleep withncies are important strategic human resource goals. Assessing current managerial competenciesand future organizational needs is an important strategic staffing function that can enable extend managers to align organizational capabilities with business strategy. The CVF is a powerful theoretical s alsol with applications that feature supervisory roles and competencies, (Quinn, R. E., Faerman, S. R., Thompson, M. P., and McGrath, M. R., 1996).Example of a company that demonstrates paradoxical thinkingI work for a global biotech company that develops rapid point-of-care diagnostics. Their results concenter on cardiology, infectious disease, toxicology and diabetes. In 2012, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) audited the company. The FDA sight Quality system violations in manufacturing and issued the company a warning letter. In response to this external threat, the companys leadership went full circumscribe to defend the organization. During the most intense parts of our remediation efforts, the experience seemed chaotic, merely with the new understanding of paradoxical thinking, its clear to me that leaderships directives were strategically managed. Cause and effect thinking was not complex enough to respond to the FDAs demands. The work climate internally was intense as we about followed leaderships resourcefulness. Our organizational shift attaind from mainly a Compete quadrant focus, to integrating all four quadrants of the Competing Values Framework (Collaborate, Control, Compete and fabr icate).Most of our energy was understandably was expended between the Control and Create quadrants. The companys management energized employees as new cross-functional teams emerged and strove to deliver on new internal and external campaigns to unify us globally. Leadership develop and effectively communicated a new vision framed around share values of meeting the FDAs requests, responding to the letter, and releasing quality product endorse on the market to the patients that needed them. The new shared-vision helped everyone focus on the new, duration paradoxically repairing the old. Old processes were scrutinized, evaluated, challenged, and re-evaluated. We had to maintain control of what we were doing correctly while paradoxically implementing new changes. Management also dealt with the economic paradox of not cosmos able to sell viable product while needing to spend on hiring new talent to research, repair, and remediate the findings in the warningletter.Although the compa ny is cool it recovering, new internal processes for validating the manufacturing line were eventually implemented and product returned to market. Organizational change, obviously, is often imperative in response to emerging customer demands, new regulations, and fresh competitive threats. But constant or fulminant change is unsettling and destabilizing for companies and individuals alike. Just as human organisms tend to freeze when confronted with too many new things in their livesa divorce, a house move, and a change of job, for exampleso will organizations overwhelmed by change escape and frustrate transformation-minded chief executives set on radically overturning the established order (Price, 2012).Can one learn paradoxical thinking?Yes, as farseeing as one is open to change and committed to learning new ways of thinking. Embracing the paradoxes can be uncomfortable its counterintuitive to stimulate change by focusing on boundaries and control when a company wants to stir up new ideas. Yet the act of act to reconcile these tensions helps leaders keep their eyes on all their spin plates and identify when interventions are needed to keep the organization lined up with its top priorities (Price, 2012). Acceptance involves viewing both sides of competing demands as simultaneously possible, even if they are inherently in conflict. By accepting paradoxical demands, leaders recognize them as an chance and invitation to act, rather than as an obstacle (Smith, W.K., Besharov, M.L., Anke, Wessels, A.K., Chertok, M., A, 2012).Paradoxical thinking as a skill related to intelligence. Why is it least used? Paradoxical thinking breaks norms and pushes the limits of complex reasoning and logic. Being able to integrate opposing lines of reasoning to synthesize one common result is a high art. Paradoxical thinking is counter-intuitive and results of this thinking bring change. Barriers to change include fear of mistakes or failure, intolerance of ambiguity, judging or being judged.How management and leadership can utilize paradoxical thinking to meliorate the organization Once management has determined how to apply paradoxicalthinking, a shared vision needs to be created and conveyed to the organization to give employees a path to follow to reach collective goals. Once individuals grasp a common picture of a desired future everyone can move towards that amendd future-state in unison. A shared vision is a vision that many heap are truly committed to, because it reflects their own personal vision. Shared vision is vital for learning organizations because it provides the focus and energy for learning. (Senge, 1990). at heart the Competitive Values Framework, management can take the opportunity to modify the organization by motivating employees, engaging them in new activities to improve performance and reward them for contributions to change. Leadership can re-structure and revise business process for improved outcomes for customers products and services. Paradoxical thinking can literally re-invent the organization to compete in the modern economy.Leadership must cope with the paradoxical blood between stability and change to improve the organizations. Conventional managements approach to paradox are characterized by tendencies which encourage polarized, black/white, fair/bad thinking. From an analytical perspective four different modes to cope with the paradoxical relationship between stability and change can be found to (1) accept the paradox, keep stability and change crystalize and use the paradox constructively, (2) separate the poles of the paradox to different locations or levels, (3) temporally separate stability and change, and (4) advance new conceptions through introducing new concepts or a new perspective.Compared with traditional modes, the paradox of stability and change may twine and instead of negating and displacing one another, they can mutually reinforce each other in a process of renewal (Stein kellner, P.F., and Czerny, E. J., 2010).ConclusionCause and effect thinking hinders reducey as its linear approach is not complex enough to delve into the dynamics of todays organizational environments. Using paradoxical thinking one can taking two seemingly inconsistent or contradictory concepts then harnessing the opposing forcesto possibly exceed organizational goals. Placing paradoxical thinking into the Competing Values Framework gives organizations the opportunity to explore new alternatives and innovate. Innovation is the key to growth in the business environment.ReferencesBelasen, A. T., 1998, Paradoxes and Leadership Roles. Retrieved fromhttp//www8.esc.edu/ESConline/across_esc/forumjournal.nsf/wholeshortlinks2/Leadership+RolesPrice, C., 2012, Senior executives will better balance people and priorities by embracing the paradoxes of organizational life. Retrieved fromhttp//www.mckinsey.com/insights/organization/leadership_and_the_art_of_plate _spinningQuinn, R. E., Faerman, S. R., Thompson, M. P., and McGrath, M. R., 1996, Becoming a master manager A competency framework. Retrieved from http//www8.esc.edu/ESConline/across_esc/forumjournal.nsf/wholeshortlinks2/Leadership+RolesRavi, K. R., Paradoxical Thinking. Retrieved fromhttp//www.krravi.com/paradoxicalthinking.pdfSenge, P., The Learning Organization. 1990 Retrieved fromhttp//infed.org/mobi/peter-senge-and-the-learning-organization/Smith, W.K., Besharov, M.L., Anke, Wessels, A.K., Chertok, M., A ParadoxicalLeadership Model for accessible Entrepreneurs Challenges, Leadership Skills,and Pedagogical Tools for Managing Social and Commercial Demands. Retrieved fromhttp//www.buec.udel.edu/smithw/Smith,%20Besharov,%20Wessels%20and%20Chertok_Social%20Enterpreneurship%20AMLE_2012.pdfSteinkellner, P.F., and Czerny, E. J., 2010, Educating Managers for a Paradox World Duality and Paradoxes in Management. Retrieved fromhttp//www.iff.ac.at/oe/media/documents/Paper_38_Steinkellner_Czerny.pdf

Gustav Flaubert and Ivan Turgenev

The Romantics is a culturally inclined book written by Pankaj Mishra. The publication deals with lifes differences and how people came to k like a shot more about their own respective(prenominal) cultures. It brings out every reader into a journey of culture. life and the uncoiled meaning of existence. The main character Samar, made his move while he is in a juxtaposition of cultures. One may find himself in the shoes of Samar who wanted to engage in more discoveries. Samar, is a impertinently graduate who arrived in Benares, also known as the holy metropolis in 1989.He wanted to continue with his solitary life with his book as he chose to stay in a room there. Samar loves to deal with his friends that is to say Edmund Wilson, Gustav Flaubert and Ivan Turgenev. But on the place where he stays, he lives adjacent to a woman from the west, Catherine. She is a French young woman who had a heavy(p) impact on Samars life. She made a vast change on his outlook in life and dealing with w hat the good world awaits for him. He was able to recover from the past that he wanted to escape just now then the conflicting part is that he falls for the wrong woman.Catherine is already committed which made the story interesting. It was really a big frustration for him to know the truth since he fall in love for the first gear time since he never believe in the set up of love before. In Benares he discovered many things that changed his life. Starting from the ancestors brahman down to practices and political issues. He was able to contemplate on the coarseness of people who are there. They all wanted to escape their past. Going backwards to Samar and Catherine, the two had a chance to become lovers but then Catherine determined to cut their relationship off.Good thing Samar was able to recover and took a program line job for young Tibetan children. When he was reunited with an old friend from Benares afterwards seven years, he told himself that he is apart from those peo ple who lives there. He is now far from the old tradition and on his way to recuperating for a break up future. The Romantics tells about the clashing of culture in contemporary India. The author attempt to explore how people during the time differ from their backgrounds, culture and how it is romanticized to unveil the mysteries of India.

Advertisement Effectiveness

Introduction advert is a form of communication utilise to encourage or transport an audience to continue or take some new action. approximately commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a moneymaking(prenominal) offering, although political & ideological publicise is also common. The purpose of advertising whitethorn also be to reassure employees or shargonholders that a company is viable or successful.Advertising messages atomic number 18 usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditionalistic media including mass media such as newspapers magazines television commercials, radio advertising, outdoor advertising or direct mail or new media such as blogs, website or text messages. Definition Advertising is bringing a ingathering(or service) to the aid of potential & current customers. Advertisement is typically done with signs, brochures, commercial, direct mailings or e-mail messages, personal contact etc. The importance of adv ertising is steadily on the increase in modern society.Just as the media of favorable communication themselves have enormous influence every(prenominal)where so advertizing apply media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes & behaviour in todays world. The field of advertising is extremely grand & diverse. In general terms, of course an advertising is simply public key meant to convey reading & invite patronage or some former(a) response. As that suggest, advertising has deuce main purposes To inform & To persuade. These purposes are distinguishable-both are very often simultaneously commit Objectives of the paper To study the potential of advertisement of expeditious phones. * To analyze & compare the consumers attitude towards advertisement regarding mobile phones. * To fuck the buying behaviour of the consumers with regard to the advertisement. * To show the true value of the advertisement regarding mobile phones. Statement of the problem Th e effectiveness of advertisement which plays a crucial role to identify the target customers and the target market atom for every companies & firms. It is worth noted that, the effectiveness of dvertisement should thoroughly scrutinized by every organisation. Thus at that place are various issues involved in the advertisement & measurement of its effectiveness. The problem here is how many consumers buy mobile phones by seeing advertisements? Is advertisement really motivating the public to buy the product? The study relates with the influence of the advertisement towards them the researcher has the curiosity to know near how advertisement effect through and through various brands of mobile phones. Scope of the study Theme is the subject matter of advertisement.An advertisement copy should bridge the possibility between the advertisers & readers if it is to be effective. To achieve this the advertisement has to provide the audience the information that is of interest to them. Un dertaken to know the effectiveness of advertisement in the minds of consumers and also to know the factor which attracts more from it. This will help to identify the role of advertisements. The present investigation has been undertaken to know and analyse the factors influencing the mobile phones & the role of media which influences them to prefer a particular product.Methodology The research is descriptive in nature. Both primary & unessential information have been collected for the study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire schedule from a sample of 25 respondents at the ergodic. The secondary data was collected from magazines, books, websites. Sampling of the study A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample (ie) the coat of it of the sample.Sample design is determined before data are collected. Simple random sampling method is used for selecting the respondents in order to collect the infallible data. Sources of data Sources of data are mainly classified in two Primary data & Secondary data. Primary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first time & thus gamble to be original in character. The primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire prepared with respect to the objective of the study.Simply primary data refers to the information got directly from the sampled respondents. Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical process. The secondary data are based on the documents available in the form of Books Journals Published papers Internet Data Analysis and statistical tools The data collected were analysed and tabulations were made regarding the responses given by the respondents.No statistical tools were used in this project to measure the effectiveness of advertisements. Limitations of the study 1) Sample size is small as compare to universe. 2) Respondents are biased towards their personal preferences and they mogul have not answered the questions correctly. 3) Due to simple random sampling there may be large deviation from that of universe. Chapter Scheme Chapter 1 Introduction, objectives, logical argument of the problem, scope of the study, methodology, limitations of the study.Chapter 2 Contents and review of literature. Chapter 3 Company profile. Chapter 4 Data analysis and Interpretations Chapter 5 Findings, suggestions and conclusions Contents & Review of Literature significance of Advertising The word advertising is derived from the latin word,advertero. Ad means towards and verto meaning to turn. Definitions of Advertising Philip Kolter says Advertising is ant paid form of non-personal demonstration of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor. William J.Stanton,Advertising consists of all the activities in presenting to a g roup a non-personal, oral or visual, openly sponsored message regarding a product, service or idea. Features of Advertising * Advertising is one of the methods of promotion mix. * It is a paid mass communication, not aiming at a specific individual. * It is a form of publicity, i. e dissemination of information regarding a product, service or idea. * It is salesmanship in writing or printed salesmanship. * It is a mass non-personal communication. Functions

Fin111 Financial Markets and Economic Principles

pic Financial merchandises and Economic Principles (FIN111) appointee Answer Template Students Please enter Word count your rallying cry count for this I al crushed read the Assignment Guide in the torpedoject Room and expect applied the word count escort principles to my work. My word count for this assignment is 5368 words Marker feedback Comment on all oerall capital punishment For marker use only. Students begin your assignment answers on the pastime page. Begin your assignment answers from this point. section A oppugn 1 Describe the profession operations of individually comp whatsoever JB Hi If Is an Australian possess and snuff itd comp any(prenominal) established in 1974. out-of-pocket to the success of the vocation case and the growing sell empyrean in July cc0 JB Hi Fi was purchased by close rectitude bankers and senior management with the system of taking the model nationally. Wit h a potent sign of the success of the occupation in October 2003, JB Hi Fi was floated on the Australian Stock Exchange.JB Hi Fi has be to be one of Australias fastest growing and largest sellers of home entertainment. Looking to build on the prospering model and expand their operations in July 2004, JB Hi Fi bought the Clive Anthony chain of retail stores who competed in the same retail pose. Harvey Norman Is an Australian based retail tinr of electrical, furniture, computer, entertainment and home goods. They train e veryplace 230 stores in Australia and fo run in countries including forward- count oning Zealand, Slovenia, Ireland, Malaysia, Croatia and Singapore.Harvey Norman has passed a unique st measuregy to the Australian retail commercialize with their operating structure, in that each store reasonion section is operated by a separate franchise. in that respectfore these superstores ar a combination of more than than one ain credit line with each franch isee (computer, bedding, electrical) add to the gross revenue of Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd. This is achieved with their individual lease compensation and a percentage of their sales. The individual departments take their own check out(a)s for its r abateers and w atomic subjugate 18house space is sh atomic tot up 18d by the separate franchisees.Harvey Norman Holdings throttle is also a franchisor of former(a) well known retail chains including Do mayne, Joyce Mayne and others. Consider the rudimentary factors that may call for the performance and the packet price of the companies in the gyp and huge full term Given the fact both companies argon competitors in the retail sp here(predicate), key factors touch on their performance get out be quite a similar. They both heavily rely on the consumption of the Household heavens, this helps drives revenue through their operations. A mis natural endowment at that placefore would be given up(p) the challenging scotc h times there is a decrease in domestic disbursement.With households adversely incr relievo their savings as anxiousness everywhere the free debt crisis in europium escalates and general unease in regards to the orbicular rescue. This is also reflected through the Business Cycle as it is my belief we ar surely at heart a Contraction to trough period which is pondering of a decline in retail sales. This decline has been seen nationwide through the intact retail sector as governances battle to lower prices to catch ones breath hawkish when need isnt strong and still attempt to give a profit.Some retailers arrive opted for longer trading hours and there is also business organisation over the moving trend towards internet shopping. JB Hi Fi afoot(predicate)ly set out a strong focus on online shopping which has helped them maintain unvarying sales results. Harvey Norman have moved to online shopping only in July of 2011, and has big ambitions with Gerry Harvey stati ng Ive told my team I want them to turn over $100 gazillion within 2-3 courses and then take it to $1billon within 5-10 years. The decline is also reflected in the ABS sniffy Key Figures history for monthly turnover within the retail sector which saw department stores post a -0. % come up in July to dread 2011. Also a long term concern for both companies would be that if spherical equity markets do recover and in plainion upgrades that ordain perish to a rise in take rates which would bring forward affect the Household sector through their discretionary spending. The fluctuations of the Australian long horse depart restore both companies as the stronger Australian buck lowers the prices both enterprises can charge consumers. more and more consumers be buying electronics online both domestically and international, with the resilient clam giving them an incentive to shop abroad. Question 2 ) JB high fidelity sound system and its ne dickensrk of retail stores is an i ntermediary. They are an intermediary between the large electronic manufacturers (Sony, Samsung, Panasonic) whose products are interchange in store and the general consumer in the household sector. The large manufactures are able to refer the ensnare implores of the organisation and JB Hi-FI in regaining supplies the broad market with the products. The consumer is fork overd with a product at a competitive price and JB Hi Fi earns a margin on the product for the service. 2) JB high fidelity sound system also uses an additional intermediary to plus their exposure in the sector.They have purchased Clive Anthony which was other established retail electrical chain. They own Clive Anthony however it conserves to operate under its original trading name. All revenue is attributed to the JB Hi FI exceptional organisation. 3) Harvey Norman Holdings Limited is well known for using a number of intermediaries within their own organisation. They have fragmented each department (beddin g, electrical, computer) of their organisation to be an individual franchise or intermediary. With each franchisee alter to the gross revenue of Harvey Norman Holdings Limited.This come throughs each department the energy to condition and deliver expert service to their consumers. Other financial intermediaries Harvey Norman would acknowledge its acquired retails chain Clive Peters and the number of overseas retail operations it owns which contribute to its net profit. Question 3 Question 3 reach of monetary policy Justify the backlog Banks termination on interest rates announced on 4 October 2011 The factors that influenced the Reserve Banks finish and the likely impactions on the domestic economy The Reserve Bank nominated on the 4th of October to take for enkindle rates on hold for the 10th straight meeting.The factors influencing this termination were concern over globose financial markets and fears world economies may be move into global recession. Previously d uring the Aug-Sep meetings there had been a deteriation in the markets and between Sep-Oct meetings that had been a further substantial deteriation of global markets. The RBA acknowledged that domestic product would change in the coming quarters. Europes sovereign debt issues are a major concern to the RBA and a contributing factor to rates stay on hold. It has bring ond major volatility to global markets, with growing uncertainty in regards to a solution and its impact on banks in Europe.It is also affecting the spotter for Global Economic gain. The RBA will continue to assess market developments as well as the general indicators it follows including economy and inflation data. A benefit for the domestic economy is the RBA stated it had a bias to easing and that a rate cut could occur if September Quarter consumer price index data due on October 26 showed a moderation in prices The impact on the share market as a entirely and the share price of your chosen companies The imm ediate impact on the share market following the RBAs decision was negative. The S&P/ASX 200 closed brush up 0. % or 24. 9 points to 3872. 1 points, with the All Ordinaries down 0. 6% or 25. 1 points to 3935. 6. Also the Australian vaulting horse slumped to a 13-month low of $94. 6 US cents. Despite an optimistic start to trading on the day with the market overcoming a negative lead from the US, the RBAs decision had plunged the markets back into negative territory. JB high-fidelity was down 60 cents to $14. 30 Not a substantial impact to HVN which was up 2cents from the close the front day. Whether the impact on the share market as a whole differed from the impact on your chosen companiesThe negative impact of the decision by the RBA was shared by both the market itself and the individual holdings of JB Hi Fi Limited and Harvey Norman Holdings Limited. The decision had a significant impact on the performance of consumer exposed stocks such(prenominal) as JB HI FI and Harvey Nor man. Question 4 JB HI FI posted its first profit slide since the stock floated in 2003. There were some contributing factors to this performance including a restructure of its Clive Anthonys stores and a negative sales growth for July. JB Hi-Fi promulgateed on August 8th 2011 that full year net profit fell 7. 5% to $109. 7 one million million million on sales of $2. 6 one thousand thousand, up 8. 3%. The slip has been attributed to the $24. 7 million in costs to restructure its Clive Anthony stores. one-year comparable sales fell 1. 2% Despite the daunting out fashion for the retail sector JB Hi FI have stated they expect a nonher solid group sales performance for this financial year, with full year sales to rise 8% to 3. 2billion. JB Hi FI is expecting that the Christmas period will be successful also timing with a number of newfangled product releases. just due to the profit results and weak July sales on August 9th JB Hi-Fi shares closed down 35 cents at $14. 00 Harvey Norm an announced a net profit later tax of $252. 6 million for the financial year ending 30 June 2011, which is up 9% on the 2010 financial year. These results were released in its 2011 yearly report. The franchises within the organisation continued to provide the stability in the overall performance of the group. Owner Gerry Harvey stated we have a strong balance sheet underpinned by a $2. 04 billion stead portfolio and generate strong free net cash flows from our franchising operations segment Total revenue for the year was $2. 7 billion, which has emergenced from the 2010 body-build of $2. 45 billion according to the results statement.Harvey Norman experient an increase in consumer transactions despite revenue being down, this was caused by the strong Australian dollar reducing prices on imported goods. Despite the retail sector weakening in reflection of global markets Harvey Norman franchisees have experience strong customer traffic and transactions. Also stronger results gen erated by retail operations in Singapore, Malaysia and Slovenia have increased profitability by $4. 65 million ahead tax collectively compared to the previous year. Despite challenging macroeconomic conditions, the spotter the retail, franchise and property system of the friendship body positive.An authorized addition to the business moving forward in the first half(a) of 2012 financial year will be the launching of our e-commerce site for Harvey Norman. Harvey Norman states they are confident there online transactional strategy will produce additive dollars to the make iting channel. Harvey Norman closed 1cent higher after releasing its one-year report at $2. 15 on August 29th. Question 5 Explain the correlation of returns from the asset differentiatees Cash- Is looking to be a static and reliable asset class in the 2011 calendar year. It will provide necessary stability to investors profiles.However will remain relatively ugly reflecting low interest rates. Some impo rtant considerations for the RBA in determining any movement in monetary policy is the strength of the Australian dollar relative to trading partners, in crabbed the US. It is anticipated the RBA will move the cash rate to 5% before the end of the year refractory Interest pull up stakes provide stability with a higher yield than cash given there is an element of attempt. Savvy investors will look to this sector as global equities remain volatile and fixed interest provides the ability to stabilise returns.Large parts of the credit market in particular Australian credit offer springable nourish especially if the global growth outlook commences an incline. Equity Global equity markets outlook remains extremely volatile. This outlook is reinforced by the RBAs recent decisions to keep interest rates on hold and even suggest they may be deducted in the future. The cause for concern has moved on from the Sub Prime Crisis of 2008 and is now centred on judicature sovereign debt in the US and particularly in Europe and the PIGGS (Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Spain).Of major concern is whether Greece will carelessness on its loans and the potential dropity impact on world markets. This is playing out at the routine with recent developments within the EU with a bailout store and more recently revision of the size of the fund. This has provided huge amounts of volatility in the market and it seems it will play out or so of the year, with a potential default if non avoided of Greece in early 2012. There is plenty of value long term in equities soon with stocks undervalued however you essential be prepared to accept volatility in the short to medium term.Property With up(p) international economic conditions, a local economy with good foundations and tonus property managers achieving attractive terms on financing, prospects for high grade property investment remains attractive. Australian direct property will continue to perform well and prospects for the sector are high especially in commercial and industrial property. The retail sector could be a hazard given the challenging times being experienced in the Australian consumer sector Provide a cypher of which asset class you weigh will provide the best returns in 2011Due to global economic growth picking up in 2011 with various predictions at around 3. 5 4% driven largely by emerging economies, this provides opportunities in the equities sector. Market volatility is likely to continue due to monarch butterfly debt concerns in Europe and the impact of potential further quantitative easing in the fall in States. There is concern about equity markets seemingly drifting oblique over the past 12 months, however global share markets have save strong gains The economic outlook is likely to be ancillary for equities in 2011, while there will be areas of concern.The slowly improve economic environment and a potential solution to the sovereign debt crisis in Europe should see compa nies begin to expand by acquire. After experiencing a significant correction in 2010, equities are well placemented to post strong gains in 2011. Shares are good value and continuing economic convalescence will contribute to further gains in profit. Question 6 Question 6 Influences on share prices Provide a graph display both companies daily share price and the All Ordinaries index over the four week tracking period pic pic Explain the performance of the two companies over the four week period.In your explanation consider The impact of any significant events or unexpected announcements JB Hi Fi The announcement of apples launch of its latest handset the iPhone 4s is hoped to have a significant impact on sales and foot traffic through its retail stores. JB Hi-Fi held its annual general meeting on the 12th of October, it stated contribute sales were up 6. 6% compared with the previous corresponding period. The timing of this watchword to the market had investors responding p ositively with 3. 09% increase for the day with a close at $14. 36 Harvey Norman Holdings Limited There is direct concern for Harvey Norman over debt issues within Europe as they hold operations in Ireland which was the first country in the European Union to ask for a bailout. Harvey Normans stores there make a trading passing of $38. 59 million for the 2010-11 financial year, with the board committed to Ireland for the long term Harvey Norman have also responded to the online retail sector threat by launching a new e-commerce site in early October Harvey Norman released its annual report on the 29th of September, revealing a 9% rise in 2011 full-year net profit to $252. 3 million Whether the performances have been similar or different The performance of Harvey Norman has been quite flat with quite limited movement of the stock over the describe period. They released their annual report with a rise in profits but investors did non respond with any significant movements. JB Hi-Fi hit a low of $13. 87 for the reporting period on the 11th of October as anxiety hit over the release of information from its annual general meeting. The intelligence agency and results provided were positive and the stock reacted positively reaching close to the peak of the reporting period on the 14th of October closing at $15. 0 How the companies performed in relation to the All Ordinaries Index There has been limited volatility seen in regards to both JB Hi-FI and Harvey Norman. The reasons for this would be they both have core business which is based in the retail household consumer sector. The All Ordinaries which is based on the movements of the top 500 Australian companies has a much wider exposure to sectors. It is for this reason there has been significantly more volatility on the All Ordinaries as it has been exposed to the markets recent concerns over the European Sovereign debt crisis. Whether the shares would be considered growth or defensive both these companies sha res would be considered cyclic stocks, where sales and earnings are affected by economic or industry cycle They would therefore be considered growth shares. Your view with acknowledgment on whether the companies are a buy, sell or hold JB Hi-Fi (HOLD) The stock is vulnerable to a decrease in discretionary spending in regards to its electronic goods and also the impact of the volatile Australian dollar. However the organisation is in a growth period with a number of new stores opening in a strategic move.The company has been a popular stock and has proven to be quite resilient, trading potently through the run few turbulent years and also distributes a strong yield. It is in a good position to see through the current wave of volatility. Harvey Norman (HOLD) The strength of the Australian dollar has seen a rise in internet commerce. Harvey Norman is launching a alter online website to respond to this growing trend. International holdings have been performing well and there are talks of a possible expansion into the UK.The stock has been proven to be relatively resilient with a reasonable dividend and is adapting to a changing market by looking at opportunities online and abroad, for these reasons the recommendation would be to hold. Section B Question 1 Section B Question 1 Identify and discuss four advantages for AWPL of establishing a pulverization in youthful Zealand Operating costs Establishing a new grinder in refreshed Zealand will save AWPL $A2 million per annum which is a significant savings long term. These additional funds can be used to reduce debt or spent on further product development or investigate Increase output signal With the proof of the New Zealand facility AWPL will be able to meet the charters of their current production and collectively with its Melbourne localisation principle the demands of the new proposed contract in the US. This will add a realizeed 30% to sales growth. Save $A 3 million Establishing the new mend at New Zealand would mean the fire upgrade to the current location at Devonport would no longer be necessary and the funds will be used to support the long term functionality and growth of the business as opposed to a maintenance cost Brand sense Currently AWPL provides production for Australia, UK, Germany and potentially the US. Having a location in New Zealand will promote the brand and create awareness which may lead to business opportunities through production in their domestic sector in the future Also four major funding and/or business constraints that AWPL needs to consider when deciding whether to establish a new manufacturing plant in New Zealand or upgrade and expand the existing factory in Melbourne Production concerns Due consideration needs to be do to legitimate concerns over AWPL ability to meet the demand of current production requirements during construction of a new factory in New Zealand. impact these demands are imperative to the survival of the busin ess $1 million payout Will need to be paid due to the retrenchments of the employees at the Devonport factory, this is a great amount of capital and needs to be taken into consideration foundation costs AWPL have square upd that the establishment costs of the New Zealand bet on are high with additional costs that do not exist in Australia Debt Funding All the proposed developments require capital of $A10 million, AWPL do not have the liquidity to cover this outlay and will need to look at financing options. Their lenders at the moment already have concerns over their current level of gearing, so they will need to look at all their options. Question 2 a) Is AWPL eligible for itemisationing on the ASX given its current structure and financial position? AWPL is not able to list on the ASX given its current structure, as it does not currently meet the requirements of the ASX listing rules. In particular condition 7 which states An entity must take on either a) or (b) a) Ther e must be at to the lowest degree 500 holders each having a parcel of the main class of securities with a value of at least $2,000, excluding securities not acquired by those holders under a recent prospectus or Product Disclosure parameter b) Both of the following are satisfied There must be at least 400 holders each having a parcel of the main class of securities with a value of at least $2,000, excluding securities not acquired by those holders under a recent prospectus or Product Disclosure Statement AWPL is unable to meet these requirements as it currently only has 40 shareholders ) Listed companies are required to comply with stringent obligations imposed on them by the ASX itemisation Rules. Explain four obligations that AWPL would be required to fulfil if it was a listed company Under Condition 3 of the ASX listing rules A prospectus or Product Disclosure Statement must be issued and lodged with ASIC. If ASX agrees, an information roll that complies with the informati on memorandum requirements of Appendix 1A will be sufficient quite of a prospectus or PDS. This experiences that potential investors have access to life-sustaining financial information about the organisation to make an informed decision to invest or not. 1. 2. 4 of the Profit Test states that the entitys aggregative profit from continuing operations for the last 3 full financial years must have been at least $1 million. This is to ensure the organisation is successful and has the means necessary to warrant being listed on the ASX 1. 2. 5A states that the entity must give ASX a statement from all directors affirming that they have made enquiries and nothing has come to their attention to suggest that the economic entity is not continuing to earn profit from continuing operations up to the date of applicationThis is to ensure the organisations admission is based on factual information and aims to confirm the integrity of the organisation and its intention not to commit any acts of spoof or deception 1. 3. 5 The entity must give ASX each of the following a) Any accounts, together with any audit report or study for the last 3 full financial years (or shorter period if ASX agrees) and if the last full financial year ended more than 8 months before the entity applied for admission, for the last half year (or longer period if available) from the end of the last full financial yearIf the accounts have not been audited or reviewed, the entity must tell the ASX This ensures that there is full disclosure of financial information to the ASX and potential investors Question 3 a) Discuss triad reasons why the bank would be reluctant to increase funding to AWPL at this time Financial Markets Due to the implications of financial markets over the last few years starting with the owe Sub Prime crisis in the United States and more recently the sovereign debt crisis in Europe, lenders have become tighter with their bestow practices.They want extra security measu re and having a signed contract confirming the commitment for production in the US confirms the need for additional funding The bank already has convey concern over the level of gearing the organisation holds at the moment so without evidence to support the need for expansion there will be hesitancy from the lender There is also an element of risk involved as there is concern that if the upgrade and expansion plans are not handled effectively then production rates may be harmed which would ultimately mean AWPL would be unable to meet current order demands.If that was to occur then the ability of AWPL to service its current debt commitments to the bank would be placed in jeopardy b) Jack is refer that the New Zealand project will expose the shareholders of AWPL to a new financial risk (associated with borrowing funds to upgrade the Melbourne factory and to establish the New Zealand factory). Assume that the US contract is signed. Identify the new financial risk. Discuss the impli cations of the risk on debt repayment schedules and outline the steps AWPL might take to reduce the riskJack is concerned about AWPL ability to meet current production orders. The fear is that if establishment of the NZ factory and upgrade of the Melbourne location isnt seamless it will affect the ability of the business to meet current demands and that of the new contract. This exposes the business and current shareholders to potential risk of defaulting on existing debt demands from their lender. AWPL may look at hedging this risk by looking at Business happen Protection which would cover their expected income if they are unable to meet their demand for various reasons.AWPL should also consider looking at alternate factory locations they can use at short notice if production is impacted for any reason Question 4 a) Identify and discuss three effects that an appreciating Australian dollar (AUD) would have on a decision by AWPL to move its manufacturing operations to New Zealand An appreciating Australian dollar would be a concern for the core of AWPL business which is exports. If the Australian dollar rises a major implication is the impact on the terms of trade as exports become more expensive and imports become cheaper.A likely result would be an increase in domestic spending on imports and reduced demand for exports in foreign countries. This would be a huge concern for the viability of AWPLs international production orders. If there is a change in the current revenue streams than it may impact their ability to service their current debt and/or gain finance for expansion plans Also an appreciation in the Australian dollar will mean AWPLs exports will become more expensive and may result in them not being as competitive as other international competitors. The impact of this may be felt in loss of contracts, renegotiations and general cost cutting.Severely impacting their ability to implement any expansions These concerns will not only be felt by AWPL b ut by their shareholders and lenders. When approaching lenders about further debt funding an appreciating dollar and the potential negative impact on the business may very well be taken into due consideration before approval. b) pickings into account current economic conditions and financial market image, identify and discuss two factors that could cause the AUD to move significantly above its current rate against the US dollar in the coming months One impact which could cause the AUD to move significantly above its current rate against the US dollar is the desire for risk from foreign investors. With extreme volatility being experienced in the market currently and concern for the global economy the Australian dollar can be influence by the risk appetite of foreign investors. During the volatile times in the market we are experiencing currently there are heightened perceptions of risk which leads to a decline in the demand for riskier assets which promotes a move for investors to quality investments and an appreciation of reserve currencies such as the US dollar.This can see the Australian dollar appreciated when markets sentiment is high and there is positive news about foreign and global development and depreciate on negative news. An additional factor which may see a further increase of the AUD over the US dollar could be another round of Quantative Easing (QE3) from the United States. This involves the US federal official Reserve effectively prints more money injecting it into the economy The US judicature achieves this through purchases of bonds and places money into banks which then be loaned to the public.This in turn eases lending constraints and money flows through too small to medium businesses. A aftermath for the US is that the increase in the supply of their currency weakens the value and causes further appreciation of the Australian dollar Question 5 A) Discuss the outlook for global economic growth in 2011. Support your answer with a percen tage presage for global growth International recuperation after the Great Financial Crisis has been uneven with markets seemingly moving sideways recently. Risks globally remain high with world economies continuing to recover from its effects.Financial conditions have ameliorate through corporate earnings and financial market volatility has moderated, nonetheless ongoing concerns over European Sovereign debt and the European Union ability to contain the crisis. The forecast for advanced economies is to continue to consolidate, where as growth in emerging markets is anticipated to deliver higher levels of growth and returns. Therefore in accordance the global economy is widely predicted to grow over 4% in 2011 down from 5% growth in 2010. Although traction has been made global economic recovery also remains vulnerable and a clear resolution to the sovereign debt crisis in Europe ill provide markets with strong sentiment and incentive to return to the equities market. Also failure for the US to develop a viable solution to the unsustainable US Fiscal position also poses a threat to the progress of global recovery (B) apiece of the countries below has a significant influence on global growth. presently comment on each countrys outlook for economic growth in 2011 Support your answer with a percentage forecast for each countrys economic growth i) USA The forecast for the United States is that their economy will grow between 3. -4% in 2011. This is an increase from the 3% growth recorded in the 2010 calendar year. The basis of this will be driven from growth in the consumer and business spending and personal consumption expenditure (PCE), an increase in consumer spending. PCE is adding between 0. 7% and 2% to overall US growth has increased for five consecutive quarters. Concerns for the US are European Sovereign Debt, budget concerns at all levels of government and falling house prices. These effects could impact and lead to a bumper-to-bumper US recovery. ii) ChinaDue to the unprecedented growth of China, tighter monetary policy was necessary to reign in growth which is still projected to be close to 9% in 2011. Inflation is a constant concern and will increase over the calendar year. It is chinas greatest concern and most pressing policy issue, their ability to contain this effectively will determine their sustained growth. The present account surplus is set to fall to 4. 5% of gross domestic product, which is a reflection of a decline in export growth and higher commodity prices While high commodity prices pose risks they are unlikely to dent growth.Currency appreciation will continue at a gradual pace as reserves accumulate iii) Japan In March 2011 the Great East Japan Earthquake was the strongest ever recorded in Japan and triggered a tsunami which severely damaged the country and was the impact was felt on world equity markets. A preliminary report by the government estimated damage at between 3. 3-5. 2% of 2010 GDP There are se rious concerns about Japans ability to recover from such a traumatic natural disaster. The timing and strength of an economic recovery is difficult to forecast.The growing uncertainty about the Japanese recovery, compounded by the ongoing nuclear situation and rising oil prices are adding to the bother of the situation. However Japan has experienced natural disasters before and the sentiment from other advanced nations is there will be a rebound in economy as reconstruction spending picks up. 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