Analysis of Psychosocial Development Theory Essay

The psychosocial theory provides a theoretical complex body part that talllights the constant assimilation and communication of someone competencies with resources, difficulties, and culture. Development is seen as a product of genetic, social, maturational, and autonomous dynamics. For this assignment, I am analyzing ain farmment utilize Ericksons psychosocial theory of information.Erickson believed that development follows the epigenetic principle, that anything that grows has a ground device (Vander Zanden et al., 2006). b arly stated, each st emergematchride of Ericksons theory ascends according to an innate plan with each present building upon the previous acquaints and focuses on a argufy that must be go downd during that present in edict to be lease effectively onto the next developmental symbolise. Ericksons psychosocial theory draws our attention to the repetitive process of personality development that crawfishs come in s passim the action span. E rickson believed each part each part of the personality has a special(prenominal) time in the life span when it must develop if at all (Vander Zanden et al., 2006).Psychosocial confronts of DevelopmentThe first stage in Eriksons theory begins in infancy, with the mesh of trust versus mistrust. In this stage an infant is dependent upon others, limitedally their invoke or c begiver to meet their basic needs. If these needs ar meet, the infant result develop trust in self, parents caregivers, and their surroundings, if not mistrust bequeath develop. Trust versus mistrust is present throughout a persons life span. Consequently, if the conflict is not positively settle at bottom this developmental expiration, the person maybe affected negatively and only partially immerses themselves into society.As a bugger off, I understand that my misss need for nourishment, comfort, care, and familiarity, must be met by me. In gear up for her to develop a loving and trusting relationsh ip with me, I remained responsive and consistent. As my daughter grows older, she will go a management more knowledgeable and thought with her peers and begin investigating her surroundings with persistence and eagerness.Stage two picks up at toddlerhood, usually starting around age 2 and go on through age 3, with the conflict autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage baby birdren become mobile within their environs. This sore found mobility is like a since of immunity to a shaver. If parents consistently encourage their childrens mobility, they will aid the children in developing a perceive of autonomy, self control, and self confidence. If parents do not reinforce their childs radical freedom indeed the child will experience shame and learn self-doubt.My toddler is currently within this stage and she has started to undertake the responsibilities of feeding, dressing, bathing, and t covereting. As a parent I have the tendency to be protective, thus assisting he r without her approval. N anetheless, I realize that I potbelly do more harm than help to her development if I am overbearing and overprotective during this stage. I could positively or negatively sour my daughters ability to reach autonomy through my train of covetousness.Stage three of Eriksons psychosocial theory begins at age 4 and continues through age 5, with the conflict initiative versus guilt feelings. Initiative is the readiness to ship on new ventures whereas guilt is a sense that they have through something wrong. During this stage children are eager for advancedeousness and look to their parents for conformation. As parents the indebtedness is ours to validate to our children, by proving that their initiative is valued no division the coat of the deed. Sadly, when parents are restrictive and do not allow their child the get hold to be responsible and independent, the child may develop a sense of guilt and disapproval in the eyes of their parents.As a child m y let endlessly allowed me to help with projects around the house, by allowing me to pass him tools. My mother always allowed me to assist her in kitchen with dinner, by letting me mix the batter, oil the pan, break the egg, and pass her various kitchen utensils. I cherished my parents for this freedom and always viewed them as my unsung heroes. Today, in my daily life and work, I take the initiative with projects, chores, packing, and much more. It times I do feel guilt over some actions, except I am assured that it cogitate to my flavors of achievement rather than my parents restrictive actions on occasion.From age 6 to age 12 a child is considered to be in the fourth stage of the psychosocial theory with the conflict industry versus inferiority. During this stage a child is acquisition to read, write, and how to create things by themselves. During this stage my educators became increasingly key figures in my life. They gave me many other(prenominal) tasks and taught me ma ny skills. I was always determined to master the tasks and skills (i.e. math and science) tempered before me. At this indicate in my life my peers became more important in my life because I was learning to work with them in order to complete tasks.I have never much of a follower, even school opened the door to new social roles therefore, gaining the approval and word sense of my peers and teachers was important. I worked hard in all my classes and extracurricular activities to be the best by obtaining the top grades, best batting record, most assists and points, most bid hours, and more. The skills I developed along throughout this stage gave me confidence that others dictum and appreciated, which showed approval and acceptance. I believe that when a child does not develop the necessary skills needed for school, home, and other cultural task that it can chair to the child developing a sense of inferiority because their acceptance is ground on competent performance.Eriksons fifth stage is the conflict personal identity versus identity confusion. Stage five typically starts at age 12 and continues to age 18. At this stage, adolescents are striving to celebrate their identity and place in the world that will lead them into young adulthood. At some point in this stage I was struggling to palpate out what to with my life and remember asking myself this question, Who Am I? I treasured to separated myself apart from my parents and siblings, so I made a apprised search for identity and found things I enjoyed (i.e., school, softball, basketball, tutoring) an excelled. At the end of my high school career I had discovered my cultural, communal, and personal identity as a member of society identity and was ready to face the new challenges of college.My childhood friend, Amelia struggled during this stage with identity development by sex. In her parents eyes, she was a girl and should behavior as such, therefore sports and other male cogitate activities whe refrown upon within her home. It was not until Amelia reached the age of siseteen that she made a conscious decision to make her own choices, in spite of her parents viewpoints. Woolfolk, (1987), notes that if adolescents are unable to make conscious choices and decisions, especially as it pertains to their career and sexual orientation, then their role confusion becomes a threat. supremacy at this stage is dependent upon the childs resolution of conflicts in earlier stages. If past experiences are integrated and past conflicts resolved, there will be a strong ego identity. Conversely, identity confusion will arise if the ego is weak.Stage six is the beginning of the developmental spot of young adulthood. This is a period when most of us finish college, find a career, and create a family of our own. During this time most of us are changing cognitively, physically, and socioemotionally. In this stage the conflict is intimacy versus isolation. match to Eriksons stages of developme nt, I am in this stage. During this stage one either gets obscure in an intimate relationship or retreat into isolation. In the sign stage of being an adult individuals seek one or more companions and love. As individuals try to find mutually satisfying relationships, primarily through man and wife and friendships, they generally withal begin to start a career and family, as have I.An sheath of my success in this stage is my giving and sharing within my marriage and friendships without feelings of obligation or asking for anything in return. The age in the stage has been pushed back to the mid thirties because today many couples wait until then to start families. My belief is that if a person has not resolved the conflict of identity in stage five, that they will fear a attached relationship, thus causing them to retreat into isolation. Lastly, when bulk have difficulty creating permanent and satisfying relationships, they may isolate and distance themselves from others due to feeling of inferiority.Stage seven of Eriksons psychosocial theory begins around age 40 and continues through age 65, with the conflict generativity versus stagnation. Generativity, refers to an adults competence to care for another humanbeing (Newman & Newman, 1991). A personal example is my older infant Deloris, who had settled into a stable career, marriage, church, family, and other numerous responsibilities. Our mother was diagnosed with Alzehemiers Disease (AD) during this stage and because Deloris was the closet and oldest, she was expected to give of herself by adding the responsibility of caring for our mother. The responsibilities were overwhelming, but she overcame because of her willingness to be flexible and adaptable, which allowed her to rely on her environment and family to help her deal. If Deloris had remained inflexible and enabled the responsibilities to overwhelm she would have become stagnate. The debilitating state of our mothers AD forced my sister to be fl exible, by reducing church activities, additional work duties and ultimately changing the way she dealt with her world.Integrity versus despondency is the eighth psychosocial stage of development. The developmental period for this stage is age 65 to devastation. This stage occurs when many of our parents are up in age and must come to terms with the nestle of death. At this period in my parents life, both where retired and had time to analyze what they had over(p) and accumulated throughout life. They had come to accept their entire life with a positive outlook and even decided how their estate would be shared out up amongst 21 children, thus leaving them with a sense to integrity. According to Newman and Newman, (1991) if my parents had been unable to accept responsibility for their lifes outcome and resolve conflict in earlier stages, they may have experienced despair and regret. Sadly, many older adults feel as if their life was filled with vexation and failure, thus making it hard for them to handle life and the probability of death at this stage.Despair versus hope and faith is the final stage of Eriksons psychosocial theory. The developmental period for this stage is late 80s and beyond. During this stage person are faced with a new sense of self over failing bodies and need for care. The favored outcome of this stage is to achieve a new sense of wisdom and transcendence (Vander Zanden et al., 2006).Comparison of Erikson and Kohlberg TheoriesEriksons psychosocial theoryholds that developmentproceeds throughout nine developmental stages that are distinguished by a specific conflict. Kohlbergs clean development theory holds that honourable reasoning has six developmental stages with three distinctive levels. Erikson and Kohlberg theories each focus on a particular facet of maturation, such as social, honorable, and psychosocial. It has been stated that psychosocial development and moral reasoning are bowd by factors such as socialization and se xual activity identity. When a person is born they are identified by their gender as either a boy or a girl. It is my belief that the title of boy and girl or man and woman influence how children respond to psychosocial developmental challenges and resolve moral dilemmas. These titles provide a organise around which role and behavioral expectations formed.Brief Analysis of Kohlbergs seat of Moral DevelopmentWhen people talk about moral development, they are referring to occupy and attitude towards other people in society. They look to see if social norms, rules, and laws are being followed. In terms of children, it is their ability to distinguish right from wrong. Moral development, embraces pro-social behaviors, such as philanthropy and emotional development.Kohlberg stressed that moral development is ground primarily on moral reasoning and unfolds in stages. On the basis of his research, Kohlberg identified six stages of moral reasoning class into three major levels (preconv entional morality, conventional morality, postconventional morality). Each developmental level stand for a fundamental shift in the social-moral perspective of the individual. As a child and now adult, I have at one point and time, fallen within each level and stage. My parents always stressed honesty, trust, and respect. They as well give consequences when I was disobedient to the rules. In order to avoid penalisation I obeyed the rules.During church and school, I behaved properly by obeying the teachers, completing assignments on-time, reversive lost items (i.e., pencils, fans, and money), and repenting when needed in order to gain approval from my peers, teachers, pastor, and administrators. At other times, in my life, I have been concerned with my rights as a citizen, student, mother, and wife, while at other times I have been control entirely by my conscience. Myconscience always gets the best of me no matter the circumstance. When I was five years old, my brother Rico too k candy from my fathers private stash and shared it with me. I knew it was wrong, but I wanted the candy so I keep my mouth closed. I thought I could just put it behind and move on, but I had a sense of wrong come over me and I could not sleep until I told my father the truth. Once, the truth was revealed I was freed and matte good within.My view of moral development aligns with Kohlbergs theory of moral development which was actually based on Piagets cognitive theory. He believed young childrens cognitive thinking develops along with their moral development. early children are ego centered and their moral judgment is based on their own perspectives, not others and they follow rule because they are afraid of punishment. As children grow they understand values, rules, and their obedience is not out of fear, yet is based on their moral development.ReflectionAccording to Eriksons nine stages of development, I am in the sixth stage with conflict intimacy versus isolation. Eriksons psy chosocial development theory aligns with many of my viewpoints. His theory stresses that children are curious, active explorers who are adaptive, impacted by social and cultural influences, and rational. The theory emphasizes that individuals continue to develop and change throughout their lives, and that personality is not solely shaped during early childhood. The theories framework is a tool that can aid individuals in understanding self-awareness and self-improvement. Eriksons stages of development enabled me to better understand the connections between my behavior and personal experiences. As a parent, it has opened my eyes to how I can help rather than occlude my daughters development into mature, well-rounded, and emotionally stable individual.Lastly, each stage has a vital conflict that the child, adolescent, and adult can resolve positively or negatively. The nature of the resolution depends mainly on relations and associations with others, although the individuals choices also play a key role. The conflicts and resolution of conflicts within each stage gave me hope that people can obtain personal growth andchange. Resolving the conflicts within each stage allows for progress and coming(prenominal) success by building upon the knowledge gained within the preceding stage(s). Conversely, I believe that not all is misplaced if an individual has an unconstructive and demoralize occurrence within a particular stage and conflict. As people live they learn therefore, lessons can recur and be effectively resolved when identified, acknowledged and received.ReferencesHamachek, D. E. (1998). Evaluating self-concept and ego development within eriksons psychosocial framework A formulation. Journal of Counseling and Development, 66(8), 354-360.Newman, B., & Newman, P. (1991) Development through life A psychosocial approach (5thed.) Palisades, CA Brooks-Cole.Vander Zanden, J. W., Crandell, T. L., & Crandell, C. H. (2006). Human development (8th ed.).New York McGra w-Hill.Woolfolk, A. E. (1987). Educational Psychology (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall.